Abstract
Plants perceive pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) using plasma-membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate broad-spectrum pattern-triggered immunity. However, the regulatory mechanisms that ensure robust broad-spectrum plant immunity remain largely unknown. Here, we reveal that the transcription factor WRKY8 has a dual role in the transcriptional regulation of PRR genes: repressing expression of the nlp20/nlp24 receptor gene RLP23 while promoting that of the chitin receptor gene CERK1. SsNLP1 and SsNLP2, two nlp24-type PAMPs from the destructive fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, activate two calcium-elicited kinases, CPK4 and CPK11, which phosphorylate WRKY8 and thus release its inhibition on RLP23 to promote accumulation of RLP23 transcripts. Meanwhile, SsNLPs activate the RLCK-type kinase PBL19, which phosphorylates WRKY8 and thus enhances accumulation of CERK1 transcripts. Intriguingly, RLP23 is repressed at later stage by PBL19-mediated phosphorylation of WRKY8, thus avoiding excessive immunity and enabling normal growth. Our findings unveil a plant strategy of "killing two birds with one stone" to elicit robust broad-spectrum immunity. This strategy is based on PAMP-triggered fine-tuning of a dual-role transcription factor to simultaneously amplify two PRRs that recognize PAMPs conserved across a wide range of pathogens. Moreover, our results reveal a novel plant strategy for balancing the trade-off between growth and immunity by fine-tuning the expression of multiple PRR genes.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
SsNLPs from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum activate CPK4 and CPK11, which phosphorylate WRKY8 and release its inhibition on RLP23 transcript accumulation.
- Taxon
- PlantsViridiplantaee4
- Treatment
- SsNLP1 and SsNLP2e0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Sclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen - Gene
- RLP23e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of RLP23 transcriptse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SsNLP1 and SsNLP2, two nlp24-type PAMPs from the destructive fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, activate two calcium-elicited kinases, CPK4 and CPK11, which phosphorylate WRKY8 and thus release its inhibition on RLP23 to promote accumulation of RLP23 transcripts”
e4“Plants perceive pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) using plasma-membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate broad-spectrum pattern-triggered immunity”
Claim · model-written summary
SsNLPs activate the kinase PBL19, which phosphorylates WRKY8 and enhances accumulation of CERK1 transcripts.
- Taxon
- PlantsViridiplantaee4
- Treatment
- SsNLPse1
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorumSclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen
- Gene
- PBL19e1
- Outcome
- accumulation of CERK1 transcriptse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SsNLP1 and SsNLP2, two nlp24-type PAMPs from the destructive fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, activate two calcium-elicited kinases, CPK4 and CPK11, which phosphorylate WRKY8 and thus release its inhibition on RLP23 to promote accumulation of RLP23 transcripts”
e1“Meanwhile, SsNLPs activate the RLCK-type kinase PBL19, which phosphorylates WRKY8 and thus enhances accumulation of CERK1 transcripts”
e4“Plants perceive pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) using plasma-membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate broad-spectrum pattern-triggered immunity”
Claim · model-written summary
RLP23 is repressed at a later stage by PBL19-mediated phosphorylation of WRKY8, avoiding excessive immunity and enabling normal plant growth.
- Taxon
- PlantsViridiplantaee4
- Gene
- PBL19e2
- Outcome
- RLP23 is repressed at later stagee2
- Qualifier
- avoiding excessive immunity and enabling normal growthe2
Verbatim
e2“Intriguingly, RLP23 is repressed at later stage by PBL19-mediated phosphorylation of WRKY8, thus avoiding excessive immunity and enabling normal growth”
e4“Plants perceive pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) using plasma-membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate broad-spectrum pattern-triggered immunity”
Claim · model-written summary
WRKY8 has a dual role, repressing expression of the receptor gene RLP23 while promoting that of CERK1.
- Taxon
- PlantsViridiplantaee4
- Gene
- WRKY8e3
- Outcome
- expression of the nlp20/nlp24 receptor gene RLP23e3
Verbatim
e3“the transcription factor WRKY8 has a dual role in the transcriptional regulation of PRR genes: repressing expression of the nlp20/nlp24 receptor gene RLP23 while promoting that of the chitin receptor gene CERK1”
e4“Plants perceive pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) using plasma-membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate broad-spectrum pattern-triggered immunity”