Abstract
Introduction Thus far, the impact of kaolin mining activities on the surrounding native plants and rhizosphere microecology has not been fully understood. Methods In this study, we used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to examine the impact of kaolin mining on the rhizosphere bacterial communities and functions of three local plant species: Conyza bonariensis , Artemisia annua , and Dodonaea viscosa . Results The results showed that kaolin mining significantly reduced the diversity of rhizosphere bacteria in these plants, as indicated by the Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, and observed species indices ( p < 0.05). Kaolin mining had an impact on the recruitment of three rhizosphere bacteria native to the area: Actinoplanes , RB41 , and Mycobacterium . These bacteria were found to be more abundant in the rhizosphere soil of three local plants than in bulk soil, yet the mining of kaolin caused a decrease in their abundance ( p < 0.05). Interestingly, Ralstonia was enriched in the rhizosphere of these plants found in kaolin mining areas, suggesting its resilience to environmental stress. Furthermore, the three plants had different dominant rhizosphere bacterial populations in kaolin mining areas, such as Nocardioides , Pseudarthrobacter , and Sphingomonas , likely due to the unique microecology of the plant rhizosphere. Kaolin mining activities also caused a shift in the functional diversity of rhizosphere bacteria in the three local plants, with each plant displaying different functions to cope with kaolin mining-induced stress, such as increased abundance of the GlpM family and glucan-binding domain. Discussion This study is the first to investigate the effects of kaolin mining on the rhizosphere microecology of local plants, thus contributing to the establishment of soil microecological health monitoring indicators to better control soil pollution in kaolin mining areas.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Mining significantly reduced rhizosphere bacterial diversity in Conyza bonariensis.
- Taxon
- Conyza bonariensis
Conyza bonariensise1 - Treatment
- kaolin mininge0
- Outcome
- diversity of rhizosphere bacteriae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kaolin mining significantly reduced the diversity of rhizosphere bacteria in these plants, as indicated by the Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, and observed species indices ( p < 0.05).”
e1“Conyza bonariensis , Artemisia annua , and Dodonaea viscosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Mining significantly reduced rhizosphere bacterial diversity in Artemisia annua.
- Taxon
- Artemisia annua
Artemisia annuae1 - Treatment
- kaolin mininge0
- Outcome
- diversity of rhizosphere bacteriae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kaolin mining significantly reduced the diversity of rhizosphere bacteria in these plants, as indicated by the Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, and observed species indices ( p < 0.05).”
e1“Conyza bonariensis , Artemisia annua , and Dodonaea viscosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Mining significantly reduced rhizosphere bacterial diversity in Dodonaea viscosa.
- Taxon
- Dodonaea viscosa
Dodonaea viscosae1 - Treatment
- kaolin mininge0
- Outcome
- diversity of rhizosphere bacteriae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kaolin mining significantly reduced the diversity of rhizosphere bacteria in these plants, as indicated by the Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, and observed species indices ( p < 0.05).”
e1“Conyza bonariensis , Artemisia annua , and Dodonaea viscosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Actinoplanes was more abundant in plant rhizospheres than bulk soil.
- Taxon
- Actinoplanes
.jpg?width=60)
Actinoplanese0 - Outcome
- abundante0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- bulk soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Actinoplanes , RB41 , and Mycobacterium . These bacteria were found to be more abundant in the rhizosphere soil of three local plants than in bulk soil”
Claim · model-written summary
RB41 was more abundant in plant rhizospheres than bulk soil.
Verbatim
e0“Actinoplanes , RB41 , and Mycobacterium . These bacteria were found to be more abundant in the rhizosphere soil of three local plants than in bulk soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycobacterium was more abundant in plant rhizospheres than bulk soil.
- Taxon
- Mycobacterium
Mycobacteriume0 - Outcome
- abundante0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- bulk soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Actinoplanes , RB41 , and Mycobacterium . These bacteria were found to be more abundant in the rhizosphere soil of three local plants than in bulk soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Mining significantly decreased Actinoplanes abundance.
- Taxon
- ActinoplanesActinoplanese0
- Treatment
- mining of kaoline0
- Outcome
- abundancee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Actinoplanes , RB41 , and Mycobacterium . These bacteria were found to be more abundant in the rhizosphere soil of three local plants than in bulk soil, yet the mining of kaolin caused a decrease in their abundance ( p < 0.05).”
Claim · model-written summary
Mining significantly decreased RB41 abundance.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Actinoplanes , RB41 , and Mycobacterium . These bacteria were found to be more abundant in the rhizosphere soil of three local plants than in bulk soil, yet the mining of kaolin caused a decrease in their abundance ( p < 0.05).”
Claim · model-written summary
Mining significantly decreased Mycobacterium abundance.
- Taxon
- MycobacteriumMycobacteriume0
- Treatment
- mining of kaoline0
- Outcome
- abundancee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Actinoplanes , RB41 , and Mycobacterium . These bacteria were found to be more abundant in the rhizosphere soil of three local plants than in bulk soil, yet the mining of kaolin caused a decrease in their abundance ( p < 0.05).”
Claim · model-written summary
Ralstonia was enriched in mining-area plant rhizospheres, suggesting stress resilience.
- Outcome
- enriched in the rhizospheree0
- Direction
- enrichede0
- Qualifier
- suggesting its resilience to environmental stresse0
- Setting
- kaolin mining arease0
RalstoniaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ralstonia was enriched in the rhizosphere of these plants found in kaolin mining areas, suggesting its resilience to environmental stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Conyza bonariensis had distinct dominant rhizosphere bacterial populations in mining areas.
- Taxon
- Conyza bonariensisConyza bonariensise1
- Outcome
- different dominant rhizosphere bacterial populationse0
- Qualifier
- likely due to the unique microecology of the plant rhizospheree0
- Setting
- kaolin mining arease0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the three plants had different dominant rhizosphere bacterial populations in kaolin mining areas, such as Nocardioides , Pseudarthrobacter , and Sphingomonas , likely due to the unique microecology of the plant rhizosphere.”
e1“Conyza bonariensis , Artemisia annua , and Dodonaea viscosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Artemisia annua had distinct dominant rhizosphere bacterial populations in mining areas.
- Taxon
- Artemisia annuaArtemisia annuae1
- Outcome
- different dominant rhizosphere bacterial populationse0
- Qualifier
- likely due to the unique microecology of the plant rhizospheree0
- Setting
- kaolin mining arease0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the three plants had different dominant rhizosphere bacterial populations in kaolin mining areas, such as Nocardioides , Pseudarthrobacter , and Sphingomonas , likely due to the unique microecology of the plant rhizosphere.”
e1“Conyza bonariensis , Artemisia annua , and Dodonaea viscosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Dodonaea viscosa had distinct dominant rhizosphere bacterial populations in mining areas.
- Taxon
- Dodonaea viscosaDodonaea viscosae1
- Outcome
- different dominant rhizosphere bacterial populationse0
- Qualifier
- likely due to the unique microecology of the plant rhizospheree0
- Setting
- kaolin mining arease0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the three plants had different dominant rhizosphere bacterial populations in kaolin mining areas, such as Nocardioides , Pseudarthrobacter , and Sphingomonas , likely due to the unique microecology of the plant rhizosphere.”
e1“Conyza bonariensis , Artemisia annua , and Dodonaea viscosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Mining shifted bacterial functional diversity in Conyza bonariensis rhizospheres.
- Taxon
- Conyza bonariensisConyza bonariensise1
- Treatment
- Kaolin mining activitiese0
- Outcome
- functional diversity of rhizosphere bacteriae0
- Qualifier
- such as increased abundance of the GlpM family and glucan-binding domaine0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kaolin mining activities also caused a shift in the functional diversity of rhizosphere bacteria in the three local plants, with each plant displaying different functions to cope with kaolin mining-induced stress, such as increased abundance of the GlpM family and glucan-binding domain.”
e1“Conyza bonariensis , Artemisia annua , and Dodonaea viscosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Mining shifted bacterial functional diversity in Artemisia annua rhizospheres.
- Taxon
- Artemisia annuaArtemisia annuae1
- Treatment
- Kaolin mining activitiese0
- Outcome
- functional diversity of rhizosphere bacteriae0
- Qualifier
- such as increased abundance of the GlpM family and glucan-binding domaine0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kaolin mining activities also caused a shift in the functional diversity of rhizosphere bacteria in the three local plants, with each plant displaying different functions to cope with kaolin mining-induced stress, such as increased abundance of the GlpM family and glucan-binding domain.”
e1“Conyza bonariensis , Artemisia annua , and Dodonaea viscosa”
Claim · model-written summary
Mining shifted bacterial functional diversity in Dodonaea viscosa rhizospheres.
- Taxon
- Dodonaea viscosaDodonaea viscosae1
- Treatment
- Kaolin mining activitiese0
- Outcome
- functional diversity of rhizosphere bacteriae0
- Qualifier
- such as increased abundance of the GlpM family and glucan-binding domaine0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Kaolin mining activities also caused a shift in the functional diversity of rhizosphere bacteria in the three local plants, with each plant displaying different functions to cope with kaolin mining-induced stress, such as increased abundance of the GlpM family and glucan-binding domain.”
e1“Conyza bonariensis , Artemisia annua , and Dodonaea viscosa”