Abstract
Global sesame seed market is projected to have USD 7.24 billion in consumption value by 2024. However, its supply has not been able to match the demand due to several constraints to its production. This study was conducted at the Prince Abubakar Audu University Research and Demonstration Farm, during the 2023 cropping season to evaluate five sesame varieties for growth and yield under varying fertilizer rates and establishment methods. Treatment consisted of five sesame varieties, two establishment methods, and three fertilizer levels respectively combined factorially to obtain a total of thirty factorial treatment combinations and laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Results showed that varieties differed significantly (P < 0.05) in growth, yield and yield characters. YANDEV55 produced the widest leaf area at 9WAS, NCRIBEN-02M produced the highest number of leaves per plant (36) at 12WAS. The same variety (NCRIBEN-02M) consistently produced the tallest stems (42.48, 56.10, 80.48 & 93.46 cm) at 3, 6, 9 & 12WAS. YANDEV55 produced 73.6 % germination which was highest amongst others. E8 produced the highest number of capsule/plant (23.3) and number of seeds/plant (1428.94). NCRIBEN-05E performed optimally in yield characters such as total plant biomass yield (2908.0g/plot) and final seed yield (887.9kgha-1). NCRIBEN-02M had the highest haulm yield (33.0g/plot) while NCRIBEN-01M had the longest days (54.16) to 50% anthesis. Seed/capsule and Harvest index were not significantly affected by varieties. Broadcast method produced significantly widest leaf areas of 53.9 and 40.5 cm2 at 6 and 12 WAS respectively, higher number of leaves (18.0) at 3WAS. Drilling method of crop establishment produced the highest biomass yield (2894.6g/plot) and final seed yield (879.2 kgha-1). Similarly, fertilizer rates affect growth and yield characters; 100 kg NPKha-1 produced the widest leaf area, tallest plants and highest number of leaves/plant at all stages of sampling. These were at par with values obtained when plots were treated with 150kg NPKha-1. Alternatively, highest number of capsules/plant (22.4), seeds/capsule (62.46), seeds/plant (1502.73), total plant biomass yield (2879.7g/plot), haulm yield (33.0g/plot), final seed yield (870.7kgha-1) and longest number of days to 50% anthesis (53.6) were all obtained when plots were treated with 150 kgha-1 but was at par with 100kg NPKha-1. Fertilizer rates did not affect the establishment count and harvest index. The best variety with respect to yield/ha is NCRIBEN-02M, Application of 100 kg NPK/ha appears maximum for optimum yield of the crop, drilling appears to produce higher yield than broadcast for some varieties with an overall marginal increase of 8.4 % over broadcast and thus recommended for Anyigba environment. An economic study of the cost implication for both operations (drilling and broadcast) could be embarked upon to ascertain the veracity of this assertion, more so that broadcast requires higher seed rate than drilling. Significant interaction of varieties x establishment method was also an indication that very high yielding varieties (NCRIBEN-02M and NCRIBEN-01M) do better when drilled compared to broadcast. Significant positive relationship between some growth, yield and yield characters is an indication that effective crop improvement through selection can be carried out by selecting for those characters that correlated positively with yield.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
YANDEV55 had the widest leaf area at 9WAS.
- Taxon
- sesame
Sesamum indicumt0 - Material
- YANDEV55e0
- Organ / stage
- 9WASe0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- wideste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“YANDEV55 produced the widest leaf area at 9WAS”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
NCRIBEN-02M had the most leaves per plant, 36, at 12WAS.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Material
- NCRIBEN-02Me0
- Organ / stage
- 12WASe0
- Outcome
- number of leaves per plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 36e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NCRIBEN-02M produced the highest number of leaves per plant (36) at 12WAS”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
NCRIBEN-02M produced the tallest stems at 3, 6, 9 and 12WAS.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Material
- NCRIBEN-02Me0
- Outcome
- stemse0
- Direction
- talleste0
- Value
- 42.48, 56.10, 80.48 & 93.46 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NCRIBEN-02M) consistently produced the tallest stems (42.48, 56.10, 80.48 & 93.46 cm) at 3, 6, 9 & 12WAS”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
YANDEV55 had the highest germination at 73.6%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“YANDEV55 produced 73.6 % germination which was highest amongst others”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
E8 produced the most capsules per plant, 23.3.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Material
- E8e0
- Outcome
- number of capsule/plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 23.3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E8 produced the highest number of capsule/plant (23.3) and number of seeds/plant (1428.94)”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
E8 produced the most seeds per plant, 1428.94.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Material
- E8e0
- Outcome
- number of seeds/plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1428.94e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“E8 produced the highest number of capsule/plant (23.3) and number of seeds/plant (1428.94)”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
NCRIBEN-05E had optimal biomass yield of 2908.0g/plot.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Material
- NCRIBEN-05Ee0
- Outcome
- total plant biomass yielde0
- Direction
- optimallye0
- Value
- 2908.0g/plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NCRIBEN-05E performed optimally in yield characters such as total plant biomass yield (2908.0g/plot) and final seed yield (887.9kgha-1)”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
NCRIBEN-05E had optimal final seed yield of 887.9kgha-1.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Material
- NCRIBEN-05Ee0
- Outcome
- final seed yielde0
- Direction
- optimallye0
- Value
- 887.9kgha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NCRIBEN-05E performed optimally in yield characters such as total plant biomass yield (2908.0g/plot) and final seed yield (887.9kgha-1)”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
NCRIBEN-02M had the highest haulm yield, 33.0g/plot.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Material
- NCRIBEN-02Me0
- Outcome
- haulm yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 33.0g/plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NCRIBEN-02M had the highest haulm yield (33.0g/plot)”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
NCRIBEN-01M had the longest time to 50% anthesis, 54.16 days.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Material
- NCRIBEN-01Me0
- Outcome
- days to 50% anthesise1
- Direction
- longeste0
- Value
- 54.16e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NCRIBEN-01M had the longest days (54.16) to 50% anthesis”
e1“longest number of days to 50% anthesis (53.6)”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed per capsule and harvest index did not differ significantly by variety.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Material
- varietiese0
- Outcome
- Seed/capsule and Harvest indexe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed/capsule and Harvest index were not significantly affected by varieties”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast establishment gave wider leaf areas at 6 and 12 WAS, 53.9 and 40.5 cm2.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- Broadcast methode0
- Outcome
- leaf arease0
- Direction
- wideste0
- Value
- 53.9 and 40.5 cm2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Broadcast method produced significantly widest leaf areas of 53.9 and 40.5 cm2 at 6 and 12 WAS respectively”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast establishment gave the highest leaf count, 18.0, at 3WAS.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- Broadcast methode1
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 18.0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher number of leaves (18.0) at 3WAS”
e1“Broadcast method produced significantly widest leaf areas”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
Drilling produced the highest biomass yield, 2894.6g/plot.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- Drilling method of crop establishmente0
- Outcome
- biomass yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2894.6g/plote0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drilling method of crop establishment produced the highest biomass yield (2894.6g/plot) and final seed yield (879.2 kgha-1)”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
Drilling produced the highest final seed yield, 879.2 kgha-1.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- Drilling method of crop establishmente0
- Outcome
- final seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 879.2 kgha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drilling method of crop establishment produced the highest biomass yield (2894.6g/plot) and final seed yield (879.2 kgha-1)”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
At 100 kg NPKha-1, leaf area, plant height and leaves per plant were highest at all sampling stages and comparable to 150kg NPKha-1.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- 100 kg NPKha-1e0
- Outcome
- leaf area, tallest plants and highest number of leaves/plante0
- Direction
- wideste0
- Comparator
- 150kg NPKha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100 kg NPKha-1 produced the widest leaf area, tallest plants and highest number of leaves/plant at all stages of sampling. These were at par with values obtained when plots were treated with 150kg NPKha-1”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
At 150 kgha-1, capsules per plant, seeds per capsule, seeds per plant, biomass, haulm and seed yields, and days to anthesis were highest and comparable to 100kg NPKha-1.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- 150 kgha-1e0
- Outcome
- number of capsules/plante0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- 100kg NPKha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest number of capsules/plant (22.4), seeds/capsule (62.46), seeds/plant (1502.73), total plant biomass yield (2879.7g/plot), haulm yield (33.0g/plot), final seed yield (870.7kgha-1) and longest number of days to 50% anthesis (53.6) were all obtained when plots were treated with 150 kgha-1 but was at par with 100kg NPKha-1”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer rates did not affect establishment count or harvest index.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer ratese0
- Outcome
- establishment count and harvest indexe0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilizer rates did not affect the establishment count and harvest index”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 100 kg NPK/ha and drilling for yield in Anyigba, reporting an 8.4 % marginal drilling increase over broadcast.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- 100 kg NPK/hae0
- Outcome
- optimum yield of the crope0
- Value
- 8.4 %e0
- Setting
- Anyigba environmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 100 kg NPK/ha appears maximum for optimum yield of the crop, drilling appears to produce higher yield than broadcast for some varieties with an overall marginal increase of 8.4 % over broadcast and thus recommended for Anyigba environment”
t0“Sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
NCRIBEN-02M and NCRIBEN-01M performed better with drilling than broadcasting.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicumt0
- Material
- NCRIBEN-02M and NCRIBEN-01Me0
- Treatment
- drillede0
- Outcome
- high yielding varietiese0
- Direction
- do bettere0
- Comparator
- broadcaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant interaction of varieties x establishment method was also an indication that very high yielding varieties (NCRIBEN-02M and NCRIBEN-01M) do better when drilled compared to broadcast”
t0“Sesame”
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