Abstract
Organics, biological, and inorganic fertilizers play a crucial role for improving crop yield and soil properties. Accordingly, we assessed their impact on yield, microbial activities, and transformations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) in soils under a 12-year-old intensively cultivated rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) system with sole inorganic (NPK); NPK + farmyard manure (NPKF); NPK + green manure (NPKG) (Sesbania sesban L.), and NPK + green manure + bio-fertilizer (NPKGB) (Azotobacter chroococcum+ pseudomonas putida) treatments in sub-tropical India. The system yield was much higher with NPKF (23%) and NPKGB (18%) than that with NPK. Organic supplementation had a favorable influence on soil microbial biomass C (Cmic), N (Nmic), and activities of extracellular enzymes. Results of principal component and multiple regression analyses showed significant influence of Cmic on system yield (R2 = 91, p = 0.001) and S availability (R2 = 62, p = 0.001). Similarly, mineralizable N and acid phosphatase could predict significantly soil available N (R2 = 85, p = 0.001) and P (R2 = 51; p = 0.001), respectively. Results thus indicated that integrated nutrient management (NPKF/G) improved system yield, nutrient accumulation, and microbial activities in soils.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
NPK plus farmyard manure raised system yield by 23% relative to sole NPK.
- Taxon
- rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Brassica juncea
Sesamum indicum
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- NPKFe0
- Outcome
- system yielde1
- Direction
- much highere1
- Value
- 23%e1
- Comparator
- NPKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) system with sole inorganic (NPK); NPK + farmyard manure (NPKF)”
e1“The system yield was much higher with NPKF (23%) and NPKGB (18%) than that with NPK.”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK plus green manure and bio-fertilizer raised system yield by 18% relative to sole NPK.
- Taxon
- rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)Brassica junceaSesamum indicumOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- NPKGBe0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter chroococcumAzotobacter chroococcume0symbiont
- Second interactor
- pseudomonas putida
Pseudomonas putidae0symbiont - Outcome
- system yielde1
- Direction
- much highere1
- Value
- 18%e1
- Comparator
- NPKe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) system with sole inorganic (NPK); NPK + farmyard manure (NPKF); NPK + green manure (NPKG) (Sesbania sesban L.), and NPK + green manure + bio-fertilizer (NPKGB) (Azotobacter chroococcum+ pseudomonas putida)”
e1“The system yield was much higher with NPKF (23%) and NPKGB (18%) than that with NPK.”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic supplementation favorably influenced soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen.
- Taxon
- rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)Brassica junceaSesamum indicumOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Organic supplementatione0
- Outcome
- soil microbial biomass C (Cmic), N (Nmic)e0
- Direction
- favorable influencee0
- Comparator
- sole inorganic (NPK)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic supplementation had a favorable influence on soil microbial biomass C (Cmic), N (Nmic), and activities of extracellular enzymes.”
e1“rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) system with sole inorganic (NPK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic supplementation favorably influenced extracellular enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)Brassica junceaSesamum indicumOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Organic supplementatione0
- Outcome
- activities of extracellular enzymese0
- Direction
- favorable influencee0
- Comparator
- sole inorganic (NPK)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Organic supplementation had a favorable influence on soil microbial biomass C (Cmic), N (Nmic), and activities of extracellular enzymes.”
e1“rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) system with sole inorganic (NPK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil microbial biomass carbon significantly predicted system yield, with R2 = 91 and p = 0.001.
- Taxon
- rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)Brassica junceaSesamum indicumOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- system yielde0
- Qualifier
- R2 = 91, p = 0.001e0
- Setting
- systeme1
Not reportedCompoundTreatmentDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant influence of Cmic on system yield (R2 = 91, p = 0.001)”
e1“rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) system”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil microbial biomass carbon significantly predicted sulfur availability, with R2 = 62 and p = 0.001.
- Taxon
- rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)Brassica junceaSesamum indicumOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- S availabilitye0
- Qualifier
- R2 = 62, p = 0.001e0
- Setting
- systeme1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant influence of Cmic on system yield (R2 = 91, p = 0.001) and S availability (R2 = 62, p = 0.001)”
e1“rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) system”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineralizable nitrogen significantly predicted soil available nitrogen, with R2 = 85 and p = 0.001.
- Taxon
- rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)Brassica junceaSesamum indicumOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- soil available Ne0
- Qualifier
- mineralizable Ne0
- Setting
- systeme1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mineralizable N and acid phosphatase could predict significantly soil available N (R2 = 85, p = 0.001) and P (R2 = 51; p = 0.001), respectively.”
e1“rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) system”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid phosphatase significantly predicted soil available phosphorus, with R2 = 51 and p = 0.001.
- Taxon
- rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)Brassica junceaSesamum indicumOryza sativae1
- Gene
- acid phosphatasee0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Setting
- systeme1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mineralizable N and acid phosphatase could predict significantly soil available N (R2 = 85, p = 0.001) and P (R2 = 51; p = 0.001), respectively.”
e1“rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) system”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated NPK with organic or green manure improved system yield.
- Taxon
- rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)Brassica junceaSesamum indicumOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- NPKF/Ge0
- Outcome
- system yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- sole inorganic (NPK)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrated nutrient management (NPKF/G) improved system yield, nutrient accumulation, and microbial activities in soils.”
e1“rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) system with sole inorganic (NPK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated NPK with organic or green manure improved nutrient accumulation.
- Taxon
- rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)Brassica junceaSesamum indicumOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- NPKF/Ge0
- Outcome
- nutrient accumulatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- sole inorganic (NPK)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrated nutrient management (NPKF/G) improved system yield, nutrient accumulation, and microbial activities in soils.”
e1“rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) system with sole inorganic (NPK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated NPK with organic or green manure improved soil microbial activities.
- Taxon
- rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)Brassica junceaSesamum indicumOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- NPKF/Ge0
- Outcome
- microbial activities in soilse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- sole inorganic (NPK)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“integrated nutrient management (NPKF/G) improved system yield, nutrient accumulation, and microbial activities in soils.”
e1“rice (Oriza sativa L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) system with sole inorganic (NPK)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.