Abstract
ABSTRACT The demand for organically grown rice has increased with consumer demand for organic foods. The objective of this research was to determine whether there are physicochemical differences in organically and conventionally grown rice that contribute to flavor and texture differences, as determined by descriptive sensory analysis, an objective tool. Five diverse cultivars (four nonwaxy and one waxy) were grown at Beaumont, TX, with 100 or 50% recommended nitrogen fertilizer using conventional management or with chicken litter using organic management. Mean protein content differed significantly ( P < 0.05) with fertilizer input, whereas mean apparent amylose and mineral contents (with few exceptions) did not differ. The mean protein content of each cultivar grown with the 100% N rate typically used was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) than that of the cultivar grown organically or at the 50% N rate. The mean protein contents of the cultivars grown organically and at the 50% N rate did not significantly differ ( P > 0.05). Slickness, which correlates negatively with protein content, was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in four of the five organically grown rice cultivars than in the same cultivars grown conventionally using the 100% N rate. There was no significant difference ( P > 0.05) between the slickness of the cultivars grown organically and conventionally using the 50% N rate. Roughness and hardness, which have a weak positive correlation with protein content, also differed significantly ( P < 0.05) with fertilizer input in some of the cultivars. Observed differences in pasting and cooked textural properties of cultivars grown with different fertilizer types and input were the result of differences in protein content and not organic management, per se. In addition, no differences in flavor were observed due to management method. These results demonstrate that rice grown on land that is being transitioned into organic production is not expected to have significant differences in cooking or processing quality. The organic management method resulted in reduced protein content and a change in texture that may positively affect consumer acceptance of organically grown rice in markets that prefer rice that is more slick.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Mean protein content differed with fertilizer input.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- fertilizer inpute0
- Outcome
- Mean protein contente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean protein content differed significantly ( P < 0.05) with fertilizer input”
t0“Rice Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean apparent amylose content generally did not differ with fertilizer input.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- fertilizer inpute0
- Outcome
- mean apparent amylosee0
- Direction
- did not differe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean protein content differed significantly ( P < 0.05) with fertilizer input, whereas mean apparent amylose and mineral contents (with few exceptions) did not differ.”
t0“Rice Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean mineral content generally did not differ with fertilizer input.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- fertilizer inpute0
- Outcome
- mineral contentse0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Qualifier
- with few exceptionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean protein content differed significantly ( P < 0.05) with fertilizer input, whereas mean apparent amylose and mineral contents (with few exceptions) did not differ.”
t0“Rice Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content at 100% N was higher than under organic management or 50% N.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 100% N ratee0
- Outcome
- mean protein contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- grown organically or at the 50% N ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean protein content of each cultivar grown with the 100% N rate typically used was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) than that of the cultivar grown organically or at the 50% N rate.”
t0“Rice Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content under organic management and 50% N did not significantly differ.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- grown organicallye0
- Outcome
- mean protein contentse0
- Direction
- did not significantly differe0
- Comparator
- 50% N ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The mean protein contents of the cultivars grown organically and at the 50% N rate did not significantly differ ( P > 0.05).”
t0“Rice Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Four organically grown cultivars were slicker than at conventional 100% N.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- organically growne0
- Outcome
- Slicknesse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- grown conventionally using the 100% N ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Slickness, which correlates negatively with protein content, was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in four of the five organically grown rice cultivars than in the same cultivars grown conventionally using the 100% N rate.”
Claim · model-written summary
Slickness did not differ significantly between organic and conventional 50% N rice.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- grown organicallye0
- Outcome
- slicknesse0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Comparator
- conventionally using the 50% N ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant difference ( P > 0.05) between the slickness of the cultivars grown organically and conventionally using the 50% N rate.”
t0“Rice Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Roughness differed significantly with fertilizer input in some cultivars.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- fertilizer inpute0
- Outcome
- Roughnesse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roughness and hardness, which have a weak positive correlation with protein content, also differed significantly ( P < 0.05) with fertilizer input in some of the cultivars.”
t0“Rice Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Hardness differed significantly with fertilizer input in some cultivars.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- fertilizer inpute0
- Outcome
- hardnesse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roughness and hardness, which have a weak positive correlation with protein content, also differed significantly ( P < 0.05) with fertilizer input in some of the cultivars.”
t0“Rice Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Pasting and cooked texture differences were attributed to protein content.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- pasting and cooked textural propertiese0
- Qualifier
- differences in protein contente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Observed differences in pasting and cooked textural properties of cultivars grown with different fertilizer types and input were the result of differences in protein content and not organic management, per se.”
t0“Rice Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavor did not differ by management method.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- management methode0
- Outcome
- flavore0
- Direction
- no differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no differences in flavor were observed due to management method”
t0“Rice Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic management reduced rice protein content.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- organic management methode0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The organic management method resulted in reduced protein content and a change in texture”
t0“Rice Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic management changed rice texture.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- organic management methode0
- Outcome
- texturee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The organic management method resulted in reduced protein content and a change in texture”
t0“Rice Cultivars”
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See all 993 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.