Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the proper combination of nitrogen (N) fertilizer level and nitrogen fixing endophytic bacteria (NFEB) supplementation for the maximum grain yield of sesame cultivated in alluvial soil in dykes. The experiment followed a completely randomized block design with two factors. The first one was the levels of N fertilizer used, including 0, 50, 75, and 100% N of recommended fertilizer formula (RFF), and the other consisted of no bacteria applied, an individual strain of Enterobacter cloacae ASD-48 or E. cloacae ASD-21 applied, and their mixture, with 5 replicates. The results revealed that fertilizing with 100% N of RFF led to an enhancement of the plant height (16.8 cm), the chlorophyll a and b and their total content (6.45, 1.86, and 8.30 μg mL−1), the number of capsules per plant (7.22 capsules plant−1), the total N uptake (126.5 mg N pot−1), and the grain yield (9.08 g pot−1), in comparison to no N fertilizer applied. Supplementation of two NFRB strains enhanced the soilconcentrations of NH4+ and NO3−, the total N uptake, and the grain yield. The treatment fertilized with 75% N of RFF plus an individual NFEB strain or their bacterial mixture had equivalent total N uptake to that the treatment fertilized with 100% N of RFF had, 120.8–125.5 mg N pot−1 compared to 124.4 mg N pot−1. Regarding the sesame yield, with a reduction by 25–50% N of RFF plus ASD-48 and ASD-21, either individually or in mixture, it increased by 2.39–8.56%, compared to that in the treatment fertilized with 100% N of RFF.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Full recommended nitrogen fertilizer increased sesame height by 16.8 cm versus no nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicum L.
Sesamum indicumt0 - Treatment
- 100% N of RFFe0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 16.8 cme0
- Comparator
- no N fertilizer appliede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“fertilizing with 100% N of RFF led to an enhancement of the plant height (16.8 cm), the chlorophyll a and b and their total content (6.45, 1.86, and 8.30 μg mL−1), the number of capsules per plant (7.22 capsules plant−1), the total N uptake (126.5 mg N pot−1), and the grain yield (9.08 g pot−1), in comparison to no N fertilizer applied.”
Claim · model-written summary
Full recommended nitrogen fertilizer increased chlorophyll a content by 6.45 μg mL−1.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicum L.Sesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- 100% N of RFFe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ae0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 6.45e0
- Comparator
- no N fertilizer appliede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“fertilizing with 100% N of RFF led to an enhancement of the plant height (16.8 cm), the chlorophyll a and b and their total content (6.45, 1.86, and 8.30 μg mL−1), the number of capsules per plant (7.22 capsules plant−1), the total N uptake (126.5 mg N pot−1), and the grain yield (9.08 g pot−1), in comparison to no N fertilizer applied.”
Claim · model-written summary
Full recommended nitrogen fertilizer increased chlorophyll b content by 1.86 μg mL−1.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicum L.Sesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- 100% N of RFFe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a and be0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 1.86e0
- Comparator
- no N fertilizer appliede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“fertilizing with 100% N of RFF led to an enhancement of the plant height (16.8 cm), the chlorophyll a and b and their total content (6.45, 1.86, and 8.30 μg mL−1), the number of capsules per plant (7.22 capsules plant−1), the total N uptake (126.5 mg N pot−1), and the grain yield (9.08 g pot−1), in comparison to no N fertilizer applied.”
Claim · model-written summary
Full recommended nitrogen fertilizer increased total chlorophyll content by 8.30 μg mL−1.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicum L.Sesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- 100% N of RFFe0
- Outcome
- total contente0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 8.30 μg mL−1e0
- Comparator
- no N fertilizer appliede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“fertilizing with 100% N of RFF led to an enhancement of the plant height (16.8 cm), the chlorophyll a and b and their total content (6.45, 1.86, and 8.30 μg mL−1), the number of capsules per plant (7.22 capsules plant−1), the total N uptake (126.5 mg N pot−1), and the grain yield (9.08 g pot−1), in comparison to no N fertilizer applied.”
Claim · model-written summary
Full recommended nitrogen fertilizer increased capsules per plant by 7.22 capsules plant−1.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicum L.Sesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- 100% N of RFFe0
- Outcome
- number of capsules per plante0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 7.22 capsules plant−1e0
- Comparator
- no N fertilizer appliede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“fertilizing with 100% N of RFF led to an enhancement of the plant height (16.8 cm), the chlorophyll a and b and their total content (6.45, 1.86, and 8.30 μg mL−1), the number of capsules per plant (7.22 capsules plant−1), the total N uptake (126.5 mg N pot−1), and the grain yield (9.08 g pot−1), in comparison to no N fertilizer applied.”
Claim · model-written summary
Full recommended nitrogen fertilizer increased total nitrogen uptake by 126.5 mg N pot−1.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicum L.Sesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- 100% N of RFFe0
- Outcome
- total N uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 126.5 mg N pot−1e0
- Comparator
- no N fertilizer appliede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“fertilizing with 100% N of RFF led to an enhancement of the plant height (16.8 cm), the chlorophyll a and b and their total content (6.45, 1.86, and 8.30 μg mL−1), the number of capsules per plant (7.22 capsules plant−1), the total N uptake (126.5 mg N pot−1), and the grain yield (9.08 g pot−1), in comparison to no N fertilizer applied.”
Claim · model-written summary
Full recommended nitrogen fertilizer increased grain yield by 9.08 g pot−1.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicum L.Sesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- 100% N of RFFe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 9.08 g pot−1e0
- Comparator
- no N fertilizer appliede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“fertilizing with 100% N of RFF led to an enhancement of the plant height (16.8 cm), the chlorophyll a and b and their total content (6.45, 1.86, and 8.30 μg mL−1), the number of capsules per plant (7.22 capsules plant−1), the total N uptake (126.5 mg N pot−1), and the grain yield (9.08 g pot−1), in comparison to no N fertilizer applied.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial supplementation enhanced soil NH4+ and NO3− concentrations.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicum L.Sesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- Supplementation of two NFRB strainse0
- Outcome
- soilconcentrations of NH4+ and NO3−e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“Supplementation of two NFRB strains enhanced the soilconcentrations of NH4+ and NO3−, the total N uptake, and the grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial supplementation enhanced total nitrogen uptake and grain yield.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicum L.Sesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- Supplementation of two NFRB strainse0
- Outcome
- total N uptake, and the grain yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“Supplementation of two NFRB strains enhanced the soilconcentrations of NH4+ and NO3−, the total N uptake, and the grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
75% recommended nitrogen plus an endophyte strain or mixture gave equivalent nitrogen uptake to 100% recommended nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicum L.Sesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- 75% N of RFF plus an individual NFEB strain or their bacterial mixturee0
- Outcome
- total N uptakee0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Value
- 120.8–125.5 mg N pot−1e0
- Qualifier
- 124.4 mg N pot−1e0
- Comparator
- 100% N of RFFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“The treatment fertilized with 75% N of RFF plus an individual NFEB strain or their bacterial mixture had equivalent total N uptake to that the treatment fertilized with 100% N of RFF had, 120.8–125.5 mg N pot−1 compared to 124.4 mg N pot−1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing nitrogen by 25–50% with ASD-48 and ASD-21 increased sesame yield 2.39–8.56% versus full nitrogen.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicum L.Sesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- reduction by 25–50% N of RFF plus ASD-48 and ASD-21e0
- Outcome
- ite0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.39–8.56%e0
- Comparator
- 100% N of RFFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)”
e0“with a reduction by 25–50% N of RFF plus ASD-48 and ASD-21, either individually or in mixture, it increased by 2.39–8.56%, compared to that in the treatment fertilized with 100% N of RFF.”
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