Abstract
Information on the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates and environment on sesame seed composition and nutrition is scarce. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rates on sesame seed yield, protein, oil, fatty acids, and mineral nutrition. A two-year (2014, 2015) field experiment was conducted. Nitrogen fertilizer (urea ammonium nitrate) solution (UAN, 32% N) was applied by side dressing to four sesame varieties (S-34, S-35, S-38, S-39) at rates of 44.7, 67.2, 89.6 and 112.0 kg·ha-1. Rate of 44.7 kg·ha-1 was used as control since this rate is traditionally recommended in the region. Increasing nitrogen application rates resulted in higher protein and oleic acid contents in two varieties in 2014, and in all varieties in 2015. Increased protein and oleic acid were accompanied by lower total oil and linoleic acid. Increased nitrogen application also resulted in higher seed N, S, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn in 2014 in S-34 and S-35, but either a decline or no clear change was observed in seed levels of these nutrients in S-38 and S-39. In 2015, increased nitrogen application resulted in significantly higher seed N in all varieties, and higher S, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn in some varieties. A significant positive correlation was observed between nitrogen application rate and yield, and with seed levels of protein, oleic, acid, N, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn. A significant negative correlation was observed between nitrogen application rate and seed oil and linoleic acid. Thus, increased nitrogen fertilizer application resulted in higher seed protein, oleic acid, and some mineral nutrients, but lower oil and linoleic acid. However, this effect depended on variety and environmental conditions. Because higher protein and oleic acid are desirable traits for sesame seed nutritional value and oil stability, regional breeders should select sesame varieties for efficient fertilizer response.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Increased nitrogen application was associated with higher protein.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicum
Sesamum indicumt0 - Treatment
- Increasing nitrogen application ratese0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- two varieties in 2014, and in all varieties in 2015e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesamum indicum”
e0“Increasing nitrogen application rates resulted in higher protein and oleic acid contents in two varieties in 2014, and in all varieties in 2015”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased nitrogen application was associated with higher oleic acid.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing nitrogen application ratese0
- Outcome
- oleic acide0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- two varieties in 2014, and in all varieties in 2015e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesamum indicum”
e0“Increasing nitrogen application rates resulted in higher protein and oleic acid contents in two varieties in 2014, and in all varieties in 2015”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased nitrogen application was associated with lower total oil.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing nitrogen application ratese0
- Outcome
- total oile1
- Direction
- lowere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesamum indicum”
e0“Increasing nitrogen application rates resulted in higher protein and oleic acid contents in two varieties in 2014, and in all varieties in 2015”
e1“Increased protein and oleic acid were accompanied by lower total oil and linoleic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased nitrogen application was associated with lower linoleic acid.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing nitrogen application ratese0
- Outcome
- linoleic acide1
- Direction
- lowere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesamum indicum”
e0“Increasing nitrogen application rates resulted in higher protein and oleic acid contents in two varieties in 2014, and in all varieties in 2015”
e1“Increased protein and oleic acid were accompanied by lower total oil and linoleic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased nitrogen application was associated with higher seed N, S, B.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Material
- S-34 and S-35e2
- Treatment
- Increasing nitrogen application ratese0
- Outcome
- seed N, S, Be2
- Direction
- highere2
- Qualifier
- 2014e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesamum indicum”
e0“Increasing nitrogen application rates resulted in higher protein and oleic acid contents in two varieties in 2014, and in all varieties in 2015”
e2“higher seed N, S, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn in 2014 in S-34 and S-35”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased nitrogen application was associated with higher Cu, Fe, and Zn.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Material
- S-34 and S-35e2
- Treatment
- Increasing nitrogen application ratese0
- Outcome
- Cu, Fe, and Zne2
- Direction
- highere2
- Qualifier
- 2014e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesamum indicum”
e0“Increasing nitrogen application rates resulted in higher protein and oleic acid contents in two varieties in 2014, and in all varieties in 2015”
e2“higher seed N, S, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn in 2014 in S-34 and S-35”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased nitrogen application was associated with decline seed levels of these nutrients.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Material
- S-38 and S-39e3
- Treatment
- Increasing nitrogen application ratese0
- Outcome
- seed levels of these nutrientse3
- Direction
- declinee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesamum indicum”
e0“Increasing nitrogen application rates resulted in higher protein and oleic acid contents in two varieties in 2014, and in all varieties in 2015”
e3“either a decline or no clear change was observed in seed levels of these nutrients in S-38 and S-39”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased nitrogen application was associated with higher seed N.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing nitrogen application ratese0
- Outcome
- seed Ne4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- In 2015e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesamum indicum”
e0“Increasing nitrogen application rates resulted in higher protein and oleic acid contents in two varieties in 2014, and in all varieties in 2015”
e4“In 2015, increased nitrogen application resulted in significantly higher seed N in all varieties, and higher S, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn in some varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased nitrogen application was associated with higher S, B, Cu.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing nitrogen application ratese0
- Outcome
- S, B, Cue4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- some varietiese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesamum indicum”
e0“Increasing nitrogen application rates resulted in higher protein and oleic acid contents in two varieties in 2014, and in all varieties in 2015”
e4“In 2015, increased nitrogen application resulted in significantly higher seed N in all varieties, and higher S, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn in some varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased nitrogen application was associated with higher Fe, and Zn.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing nitrogen application ratese0
- Outcome
- Fe, and Zne4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- some varietiese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesamum indicum”
e0“Increasing nitrogen application rates resulted in higher protein and oleic acid contents in two varieties in 2014, and in all varieties in 2015”
e4“In 2015, increased nitrogen application resulted in significantly higher seed N in all varieties, and higher S, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn in some varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application rate had a significant positive correlation with yield.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application ratee5
- Outcome
- yielde5
- Direction
- positivee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesamum indicum”
e5“A significant positive correlation was observed between nitrogen application rate and yield, and with seed levels of protein, oleic, acid, N, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application rate had a significant positive correlation with protein, oleic, acid.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application ratee5
- Outcome
- protein, oleic, acide5
- Direction
- positivee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesamum indicum”
e5“A significant positive correlation was observed between nitrogen application rate and yield, and with seed levels of protein, oleic, acid, N, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application rate had a significant positive correlation with N, B, Cu.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application ratee5
- Outcome
- N, B, Cue5
- Direction
- positivee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesamum indicum”
e5“A significant positive correlation was observed between nitrogen application rate and yield, and with seed levels of protein, oleic, acid, N, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application rate had a significant positive correlation with Fe, and Zn.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application ratee5
- Outcome
- Fe, and Zne5
- Direction
- positivee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesamum indicum”
e5“A significant positive correlation was observed between nitrogen application rate and yield, and with seed levels of protein, oleic, acid, N, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application rate had a significant negative correlation with seed oil.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application ratee6
- Outcome
- seed oile6
- Direction
- negativee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesamum indicum”
e6“A significant negative correlation was observed between nitrogen application rate and seed oil and linoleic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application rate had a significant negative correlation with linoleic acid.
- Taxon
- Sesamum indicumSesamum indicumt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application ratee6
- Outcome
- linoleic acide6
- Direction
- negativee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesamum indicum”
e6“A significant negative correlation was observed between nitrogen application rate and seed oil and linoleic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Breeders should select sesame varieties for efficient fertilizer response.
- Taxon
- sesameSesamum indicume7
- Outcome
- select sesame varieties for efficient fertilizer responsee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sesamum indicum”
e7“regional breeders should select sesame varieties for efficient fertilizer response”
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