Abstract
The aim of the current research was to evaluate the effects of members of purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB), Rhodopseudomonas palustris strains of VNW02, TLS06, VNW64, and VNS89, mixed with spent rice straw (SRS) from mushroom cultivation as a carrier on promoting sesame growth and yield, and ameliorating the alluvial soil (AS) fertility in dykes. A 4 × 3 factorial experiment consisting of different levels of the solid PNSB biofertilizer mixture at 0, 3, 4, and 5 t·ha−1 (0, 1.81 × 108, 2.24 × 108, and 2.68 × 108 cells pot−1, respectively), and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inorganic fertilizer rates (100, 75, and 50 kg·N·ha−1; 60, 45, and 30 kg P2O5·ha−1, respectively) was performed in pots with the sesame variety of ADB1 in the dyked AS. The solid PNSB biofertilizer mixture at at least 3 t·ha−1 significantly enhanced the sesame seed yield by providing higher macronutrients for plants by increasing available N and soluble P concentrations in the soil. The solid PNSB biofertilizer mixture in addition to 75% of the recommended N and P fertilizers produced an equivalent yield in comparison to the utilized 100% of N and P inorganic fertilizers. The solid PNSB biofertilizer mixture in the SRS from the mushroom production reduced at least 25% of N and P chemical fertilizers for gaining the maximal seed yield and enriched soil characteristics for the sustainable black sesame cultivation in the dyked AS.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
At least 3 t·ha−1 of solid PNSB mixture significantly enhanced sesame seed yield.
- Taxon
- sesame
Sesamum indicume0 - Treatment
- solid PNSB biofertilizer mixture at at least 3 t·ha−1e0
- Outcome
- sesame seed yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“The solid PNSB biofertilizer mixture at at least 3 t·ha−1 significantly enhanced the sesame seed yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The PNSB mixture increased available N in soil.
- Taxon
- sesame
Sesamum indicumt0 - Outcome
- available Ne0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“by increasing available N and soluble P concentrations in the soil.”
t0“sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
The PNSB mixture increased soluble P in soil.
- Taxon
- sesame
Sesamum indicumt0 - Outcome
- soluble P concentrations in the soile0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“by increasing available N and soluble P concentrations in the soil.”
t0“sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
PNSB mixture plus 75% recommended N and P gave yield equivalent to 100% inorganic N and P.
- Taxon
- sesame
Sesamum indicumt0 - Treatment
- solid PNSB biofertilizer mixture in addition to 75% of the recommended N and P fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- equivalente0
- Comparator
- 100% of N and P inorganic fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“The solid PNSB biofertilizer mixture in addition to 75% of the recommended N and P fertilizers produced an equivalent yield in comparison to the utilized 100% of N and P inorganic fertilizers.”
t0“sesame”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture reduced chemical fertilizer need by at least 25% while obtaining maximal seed yield.
Verbatim
e0“The solid PNSB biofertilizer mixture in the SRS from the mushroom production reduced at least 25% of N and P chemical fertilizers for gaining the maximal seed yield and enriched soil characteristics for the sustainable black sesame cultivation in the dyked AS.”
Claim · model-written summary
The mixture enriched soil characteristics.
Verbatim
e0“The solid PNSB biofertilizer mixture in the SRS from the mushroom production reduced at least 25% of N and P chemical fertilizers for gaining the maximal seed yield and enriched soil characteristics for the sustainable black sesame cultivation in the dyked AS.”
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