Abstract
The experiment was conducted during 2021 to 2023 at College of Agriculture (Kerala Agricultural University), Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala to evaluate the biology of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii under different conditions and its effectiveness in parasitizing lepidopteran pests. Field efficacy of T. chilonis in managing Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Supriya was carried out in randomized block design (RBD) with five treatments (T1, Trichocards @2.5 cc/ha; T2, Trichocards @5 cc/ha; T3, Trichocards @10 cc/ha; T4, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 sc 0.2 ml/litre, which was the chemical check; and Untreated control) replicated four times. Findings from the study on seasonal biology demonstrated that the developmental period was shortest in summer compared to that in monsoon and winter. Monsoon conditions were more conducive for factors such as sex-ratio, emergence rate and adult longevity, making it the optimal season for its mass production. When Corcyra cephalonica Stainton eggs were stored for varying durations (5, 10, 15 days) under refrigeration, it was observed that the development period of T. chilonis was unaffected. However, adult longevity and sex-ratio gradually decreased with an increase in storage duration, with 10 days being identified as the ideal duration. T. chilonis effectively parasitized eggs of various lepidopteran pests including okra shoot and fruit borer (Earias vittella Fabricius), brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee), tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) and lemon butterfly (Papilio polytes Linnaeus). Field experiments indicated that controlling brinjal shoot and fruit borer infestations was successful by using trichocards at 10 cc/ha in the initial three releases and reducing it to 5 cc/ha. Plots treated with trichocards at 10 cc/ha yielded the highest quantity of marketable fruits, with all treatments proving profitable over the control. Among the different doses of trichocards, the highest dose (10 cc/ha) had the most favourable cost-benefit ratio (1:1.03). The population of natural enemies remained stable across various trichocard doses (42.25–46.25), contrasting with a notable decrease in plots treated with chlorantraniliprole 18.5 sc (23.5).
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-sa. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Trichogramma chilonis developed fastest in summer compared with monsoon and winter.
- Taxon
- brinjal
Solanum melongenae1 - Interactor
- Trichogramma chilonis
_Figure_2b.png?width=60)
Trichogramma chilonise2biocontrol_agente0 - Outcome
- developmental periode0
- Direction
- shorteste0
- Comparator
- monsoon and wintere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Figure_2b.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the developmental period was shortest in summer compared to that in monsoon and winter”
e1“Field efficacy of T. chilonis in managing Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Supriya”
e2“the egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii”
Claim · model-written summary
Monsoon conditions favored sex ratio, emergence rate and adult longevity of T. chilonis.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae1
- Interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise2biocontrol_agente0
- Outcome
- sex-ratio, emergence rate and adult longevitye0
- Direction
- more conducivee0
- Setting
- Monsoon conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Monsoon conditions were more conducive for factors such as sex-ratio, emergence rate and adult longevity”
e1“Field efficacy of T. chilonis in managing Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Supriya”
e2“the development period of T. chilonis was unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
Refrigerated Corcyra cephalonica egg storage duration did not affect T. chilonis development period.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- stored for varying durations (5, 10, 15 days) under refrigeratione0
- Interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise2biocontrol_agente0
- Outcome
- development period of T. chilonise0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
- Qualifier
- Corcyra cephalonica Stainton eggse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When Corcyra cephalonica Stainton eggs were stored for varying durations (5, 10, 15 days) under refrigeration, it was observed that the development period of T. chilonis was unaffected.”
e1“Field efficacy of T. chilonis in managing Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Supriya”
e2“the development period of T. chilonis was unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer egg storage reduced T. chilonis adult longevity.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- storage duratione0
- Interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise2biocontrol_agente0
- Outcome
- adult longevitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adult longevity and sex-ratio gradually decreased with an increase in storage duration”
e1“Field efficacy of T. chilonis in managing Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Supriya”
e2“the development period of T. chilonis was unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer egg storage reduced T. chilonis sex ratio.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- storage duratione0
- Interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise2biocontrol_agente0
- Outcome
- sex-ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adult longevity and sex-ratio gradually decreased with an increase in storage duration”
e1“Field efficacy of T. chilonis in managing Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Supriya”
e2“the development period of T. chilonis was unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten days was identified as the ideal egg storage duration.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae1
- Outcome
- ideal duratione0
- Value
- 10 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10 days being identified as the ideal duration”
e1“Field efficacy of T. chilonis in managing Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Supriya”
Claim · model-written summary
T. chilonis parasitized eggs of five lepidopteran pests.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae1
- Interactor
- lepidopteran pestse0pest
- Second interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise2biocontrol_agente0
- Outcome
- effectively parasitized eggse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“T. chilonis effectively parasitized eggs of various lepidopteran pests including okra shoot and fruit borer (Earias vittella Fabricius), brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee), tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius), cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) and lemon butterfly (Papilio polytes Linnaeus)”
e1“Field efficacy of T. chilonis in managing Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Supriya”
e2“the development period of T. chilonis was unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichocards at 10 cc/ha for three releases followed by 5 cc/ha controlled brinjal shoot and fruit borer infestation.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- trichocards at 10 cc/ha in the initial three releases and reducing it to 5 cc/hae0
- Interactor
- brinjal shoot and fruit borere0pest
- Outcome
- brinjal shoot and fruit borer infestationse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“controlling brinjal shoot and fruit borer infestations was successful by using trichocards at 10 cc/ha in the initial three releases and reducing it to 5 cc/ha”
e1“Field efficacy of T. chilonis in managing Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Supriya”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichocards at 10 cc/ha produced the most marketable fruits.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- trichocards at 10 cc/hae0
- Outcome
- quantity of marketable fruitse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plots treated with trichocards at 10 cc/ha yielded the highest quantity of marketable fruits”
e1“Field efficacy of T. chilonis in managing Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Supriya”
Claim · model-written summary
All trichocard treatments were profitable compared with the control.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- profitablee0
- Direction
- profitablee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all treatments proving profitable over the control”
e1“Field efficacy of T. chilonis in managing Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Supriya”
Claim · model-written summary
The 10 cc/ha trichocard dose had the best cost-benefit ratio of 1:1.03.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- highest dose (10 cc/ha)e0
- Outcome
- cost-benefit ratioe0
- Direction
- most favourablee0
- Value
- 1:1.03e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest dose (10 cc/ha) had the most favourable cost-benefit ratio (1:1.03)”
e1“Field efficacy of T. chilonis in managing Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Supriya”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural enemy populations were stable across trichocard doses at 42.25–46.25.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- various trichocard dosese2
- Outcome
- population of natural enemiese3
- Direction
- remained stablee0
- Value
- 42.25–46.25e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“population of natural enemies remained stable across various trichocard doses (42.25–46.25)”
e1“Field efficacy of T. chilonis in managing Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Supriya”
e2“population of natural enemies remained stable across various trichocard doses (42.25–46.25)”
e3“population of natural enemies remained stable across various trichocard doses (42.25–46.25)”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorantraniliprole-treated plots had reduced natural enemy populations at 23.5.
- Taxon
- brinjalSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- chlorantraniliprole 18.5 sce0
- Outcome
- population of natural enemiese3
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 23.5e0
- Comparator
- various trichocard dosese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“notable decrease in plots treated with chlorantraniliprole 18.5 sc (23.5)”
e1“Field efficacy of T. chilonis in managing Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. Supriya”
e2“population of natural enemies remained stable across various trichocard doses (42.25–46.25)”
e3“population of natural enemies remained stable across various trichocard doses (42.25–46.25)”
The same questions in other papers
chlorantraniliprole · pest · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.