Abstract
Abstract Forages are an important component in dairy cow diets and barley silage is the primary forage source in western Canada and parts of the USA. Foliar fungal diseases can infect barley, thereby causing leaf damage and a loss of yield and quality. The objectives were to determine the effects of foliar fungicide application on two barley forage varieties, one resistant (CDC Fraser) and the other susceptible (Claymore) to foliar fungal disease, on silage ensiling characteristics and feed intake, milk production and composition, ruminal pH, and nitrogen (N) balance in dairy cows. Multiparous Holstein cows [n = 12; mean (ays in milk (DIM) = 40 ± 17; mean body weight (BW) = 720 ± 26 kg] at the start of the experiment) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments. Experimental periods were 25 d, with 18 d of dietary adaptation and 7 d of sample and data collection. Test diets were: 1) fungicide-treated Claymore silage (CF); 2) untreated Claymore silage (CNF); 3) fungicide-treated CDC Fraser silage (FF); and 4) untreated CDC Fraser silage (FNF) as the major source of forage. Forage yields were 1.86 (FNF), 1.46 (CNF), 1.17 (FF), and 1.35 (CF) t dry matter (DM)/ha, likely reflective of the low rainfall during the growing season. Experimental silages were similar in crude protein (mean = 14.0%; DM basis), ammonia (mean = 1.95%), and total volatile fatty acid (mean = 9.25%) concentrations. CDC Fraser silage had greater lactic acid concentration (P < 0.001) but decreased pH (P = 0.01) and acetic acid concentration (P < 0.01) than Claymore silage. Silage aNDF contents (DM %) were similar in FF and FNF, but greater in CNF than CF (interaction; P < 0.05). Without fungicide application, barley variety had no effect on silage starch content (DM %), whereas with fungicide application, Claymore had a greater silage starch content than CDC Fraser (interaction; P < 0.05). Dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk composition were unaffected by diet (P > 0.05). Total tract nutrient digestibility was unaffected by diet (P > 0.05). Intake of N, and urinary and fecal N excretion, total N excretion, milk N, and apparent N balance (expressed as g/d or % of N intake) were unaffected by diet (P > 0.05). Ruminal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations and pH were unaffected by diet (P > 0.05); however, total SCFA concentration was similar in CF and CNF but was greater in FNF than FF (interaction; P < 0.05). Valerate concentration was similar in FF and FNF but greater in CF than CNF (interaction; P < 0.05). Foliar fungicide application on barley, regardless of variety susceptibility to fungal diseases, did not negatively affect silage quality or dairy cow performance.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated CDC Fraser barley forage yielded 1.86 t DM/ha.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Material
- CDC Frasere2
- Treatment
- untreatede2
- Outcome
- Forage yieldse1
- Value
- 1.86e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“foliar fungicide application on barley silage fermentation characteristics”
e1“Forage yields were 1.86 (FNF), 1.46 (CNF), 1.17 (FF), and 1.35 (CF) t dry matter (DM)/ha”
e2“untreated CDC Fraser silage (FNF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated Claymore barley forage yielded 1.46 t DM/ha.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foliar fungicide application on barley silage fermentation characteristics”
e1“Forage yields were 1.86 (FNF), 1.46 (CNF), 1.17 (FF), and 1.35 (CF) t dry matter (DM)/ha”
e3“untreated Claymore silage (CNF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide-treated CDC Fraser barley forage yielded 1.17 t DM/ha.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- CDC Frasere4
- Treatment
- fungicide-treatede4
- Outcome
- Forage yieldse1
- Value
- 1.17e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foliar fungicide application on barley silage fermentation characteristics”
e1“Forage yields were 1.86 (FNF), 1.46 (CNF), 1.17 (FF), and 1.35 (CF) t dry matter (DM)/ha”
e4“fungicide-treated CDC Fraser silage (FF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide-treated Claymore barley forage yielded 1.35 t DM/ha.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Claymoree5
- Treatment
- fungicide-treatede5
- Outcome
- Forage yieldse1
- Value
- 1.35e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foliar fungicide application on barley silage fermentation characteristics”
e1“Forage yields were 1.86 (FNF), 1.46 (CNF), 1.17 (FF), and 1.35 (CF) t dry matter (DM)/ha”
e5“fungicide-treated Claymore silage (CF)”
Claim · model-written summary
CDC Fraser silage had greater lactic acid concentration than Claymore silage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- CDC Frasere6
- Outcome
- lactic acid concentratione6
- Direction
- greatere6
- Comparator
- Claymore silagee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foliar fungicide application on barley silage fermentation characteristics”
e6“CDC Fraser silage had greater lactic acid concentration (P < 0.001) but decreased pH (P = 0.01) and acetic acid concentration (P < 0.01) than Claymore silage”
Claim · model-written summary
CDC Fraser silage had decreased pH relative to Claymore silage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- CDC Frasere6
- Outcome
- pHe6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Comparator
- Claymore silagee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foliar fungicide application on barley silage fermentation characteristics”
e6“CDC Fraser silage had greater lactic acid concentration (P < 0.001) but decreased pH (P = 0.01) and acetic acid concentration (P < 0.01) than Claymore silage”
Claim · model-written summary
CDC Fraser silage had decreased acetic acid concentration relative to Claymore silage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- CDC Frasere6
- Outcome
- acetic acid concentratione6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Comparator
- Claymore silagee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foliar fungicide application on barley silage fermentation characteristics”
e6“CDC Fraser silage had greater lactic acid concentration (P < 0.001) but decreased pH (P = 0.01) and acetic acid concentration (P < 0.01) than Claymore silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated Claymore silage had greater aNDF content than fungicide-treated Claymore silage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- untreatede3
- Outcome
- Silage aNDF contents (DM %)e7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Comparator
- CFe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foliar fungicide application on barley silage fermentation characteristics”
e7“Silage aNDF contents (DM %) were similar in FF and FNF, but greater in CNF than CF (interaction; P < 0.05)”
e3“untreated Claymore silage (CNF)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide-treated and untreated CDC Fraser silages had similar aNDF content.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- FFe7
- Outcome
- Silage aNDF contents (DM %)e7
- Direction
- similare7
- Comparator
- FNFe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foliar fungicide application on barley silage fermentation characteristics”
e7“Silage aNDF contents (DM %) were similar in FF and FNF, but greater in CNF than CF (interaction; P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
With fungicide application, Claymore silage had greater starch content than CDC Fraser silage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Claymoree1
- Treatment
- with fungicide applicatione1
- Outcome
- silage starch content (DM %)e1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- CDC Frasere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foliar fungicide application on barley silage fermentation characteristics”
e1“Without fungicide application, barley variety had no effect on silage starch content (DM %), whereas with fungicide application, Claymore had a greater silage starch content than CDC Fraser (interaction; P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Without fungicide application, barley variety had no effect on silage starch content.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Claymoree1
- Treatment
- Without fungicide applicatione1
- Outcome
- silage starch content (DM %)e1
- Direction
- no effecte1
- Comparator
- CDC Frasere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foliar fungicide application on barley silage fermentation characteristics”
e1“Without fungicide application, barley variety had no effect on silage starch content (DM %), whereas with fungicide application, Claymore had a greater silage starch content than CDC Fraser (interaction; P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total SCFA concentration in rumen fluid was greater for untreated CDC Fraser silage than for fungicide-treated CDC Fraser silage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- FNFe2
- Outcome
- total SCFA concentratione2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Comparator
- FFe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foliar fungicide application on barley silage fermentation characteristics”
e2“total SCFA concentration was similar in CF and CNF but was greater in FNF than FF (interaction; P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total SCFA concentration was similar for fungicide-treated and untreated Claymore silages.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- CFe2
- Outcome
- total SCFA concentratione2
- Direction
- similare2
- Comparator
- CNFe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foliar fungicide application on barley silage fermentation characteristics”
e2“total SCFA concentration was similar in CF and CNF but was greater in FNF than FF (interaction; P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Valerate concentration was greater for fungicide-treated Claymore silage than for untreated Claymore silage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- CFe3
- Outcome
- Valerate concentratione3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Comparator
- CNFe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foliar fungicide application on barley silage fermentation characteristics”
e3“Valerate concentration was similar in FF and FNF but greater in CF than CNF (interaction; P < 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ruminal SCFA concentrations and pH were unaffected by diet.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- diete7
- Outcome
- Ruminal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations and pHe7
- Direction
- unaffectede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foliar fungicide application on barley silage fermentation characteristics”
e7“Ruminal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations and pH were unaffected by diet (P > 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter intake, milk yield and milk composition were unaffected by diet.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- diete4
- Outcome
- Dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk compositione4
- Direction
- unaffectede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foliar fungicide application on barley silage fermentation characteristics”
e4“Dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk composition were unaffected by diet (P > 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total tract nutrient digestibility was unaffected by diet.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- diete5
- Outcome
- Total tract nutrient digestibilitye5
- Direction
- unaffectede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foliar fungicide application on barley silage fermentation characteristics”
e5“Total tract nutrient digestibility was unaffected by diet (P > 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen intake, and urinary and fecal N excretion were unaffected by diet.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- diete6
- Outcome
- Intake of N, and urinary and fecal N excretione6
- Direction
- unaffectede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foliar fungicide application on barley silage fermentation characteristics”
e6“Intake of N, and urinary and fecal N excretion, total N excretion, milk N, and apparent N balance (expressed as g/d or % of N intake) were unaffected by diet (P > 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total N excretion, milk N and apparent N balance were unaffected by diet.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- diete6
- Outcome
- total N excretion, milk N, and apparent N balancee6
- Direction
- unaffectede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foliar fungicide application on barley silage fermentation characteristics”
e6“Intake of N, and urinary and fecal N excretion, total N excretion, milk N, and apparent N balance (expressed as g/d or % of N intake) were unaffected by diet (P > 0.05)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fungicide application on barley did not negatively affect silage quality or dairy cow performance, regardless of variety susceptibility.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Foliar fungicide application on barleye1
- Outcome
- silage quality or dairy cow performancee1
- Direction
- did not negatively affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“foliar fungicide application on barley silage fermentation characteristics”
e1“Foliar fungicide application on barley, regardless of variety susceptibility to fungal diseases, did not negatively affect silage quality or dairy cow performance”
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