Abstract
Abstract In a specific area, fertilizer application for a crop depends on the soil type and profitability. Optimizing chemical fertilizer utilization in crop production is crucial from an environmental and economic point of view. However, there is limited information available on the optimum NPSB fertilizer rate for the production of wheat and barley in the study area. Thus, the study aimed to establish area-specific NPSB (18.9% N, 16.44% P, 6.95% S, and 0.1% B) blended fertilizer rate recommendations for the optimal grain yield and profitability of wheat and barley. The field experiment was conducted in two locations in the 2021 and 2022 cropping seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The nine treatments included 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 kg ha −1 NPSB fertilizer rates. Growth, yield, and yield component data in wheat and barley were collected from randomly selected individual plants and the net plot area. An economic analysis was conducted for grain yield using the procedure established by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center. The analysis of variance results showed that blended fertilizer significantly ( p < 0.01) affected plant height, number of productive tillers, spike length, number of kernels, thousand seed weight, biomass yield, grain yield, and harvest index traits. The application of a 150 kg ha −1 NPSB rate produced the highest grain yield (5419.0 kg ha −1 ) in wheat, whereas the application of a 125 kg ha −1 NPSB rate gave the maximum grain yield (4708.0 kg ha −1 ) in food barley. The economic analysis revealed that the application of a 150 kg ha −1 NPSB fertilizer rate for wheat gave the highest net benefits (309711.50 ETB ha −1 ) and marginal rate of return (MRR) (4096.96%), while the application of a 125 kg ha −1 NPSB fertilizer rate for barley obtained the highest net benefits (184424.00 ETB ha −1 ) and MRR (2195.39%). Therefore, to optimize the productivity and profitability of wheat and barley in the study area and similar agroecologies, farmers are recommended to use 150 kg ha⁻¹ NPSB for wheat and 125 kg ha⁻¹ NPSB for barley.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The 150 kg/ha NPSB rate gave the highest grain yield in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- 150 kg ha −1 NPSB ratee1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 5419.0 kg ha −1e1
- Setting
- Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopiat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing inorganic blended fertilizer application for the maximum grain yield and profitability of bread wheat and food barley in Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia”
e1“The application of a 150 kg ha −1 NPSB rate produced the highest grain yield (5419.0 kg ha −1 ) in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The 125 kg/ha NPSB rate gave the maximum grain yield in food barley.
- Taxon
- food barleye2
- Treatment
- 125 kg ha −1 NPSB ratee2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 4708.0 kg ha −1e2
- Setting
- Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopiat0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing inorganic blended fertilizer application for the maximum grain yield and profitability of bread wheat and food barley in Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia”
e2“the application of a 125 kg ha −1 NPSB rate gave the maximum grain yield (4708.0 kg ha −1 ) in food barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The 150 kg/ha NPSB rate gave the highest net benefits in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- 150 kg ha −1 NPSB fertilizer ratee3
- Outcome
- net benefitse3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 309711.50 ETB ha −1e3
- Setting
- Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopiat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing inorganic blended fertilizer application for the maximum grain yield and profitability of bread wheat and food barley in Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia”
e3“the application of a 150 kg ha −1 NPSB fertilizer rate for wheat gave the highest net benefits (309711.50 ETB ha −1 ) and marginal rate of return (MRR) (4096.96%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 150 kg/ha NPSB rate gave the highest marginal rate of return in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- 150 kg ha −1 NPSB fertilizer ratee3
- Outcome
- marginal rate of return (MRR)e3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 4096.96%e3
- Setting
- Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopiat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing inorganic blended fertilizer application for the maximum grain yield and profitability of bread wheat and food barley in Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia”
e3“the application of a 150 kg ha −1 NPSB fertilizer rate for wheat gave the highest net benefits (309711.50 ETB ha −1 ) and marginal rate of return (MRR) (4096.96%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 125 kg/ha NPSB rate gave the highest net benefits in barley.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree4 - Treatment
- 125 kg ha −1 NPSB fertilizer ratee4
- Outcome
- net benefitse4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 184424.00 ETB ha −1e4
- Setting
- Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopiat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing inorganic blended fertilizer application for the maximum grain yield and profitability of bread wheat and food barley in Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia”
e4“the application of a 125 kg ha −1 NPSB fertilizer rate for barley obtained the highest net benefits (184424.00 ETB ha −1 ) and MRR (2195.39%)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 125 kg/ha NPSB rate gave the highest marginal rate of return in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree4
- Treatment
- 125 kg ha −1 NPSB fertilizer ratee4
- Outcome
- MRRe4
- Direction
- higheste4
- Value
- 2195.39%e4
- Setting
- Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopiat0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing inorganic blended fertilizer application for the maximum grain yield and profitability of bread wheat and food barley in Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia”
e4“the application of a 125 kg ha −1 NPSB fertilizer rate for barley obtained the highest net benefits (184424.00 ETB ha −1 ) and MRR (2195.39%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Blended NPSB fertilizer significantly affected plant height, number of productive tillers and spike length.
- Taxon
- bread wheat and food barleyt0
- Treatment
- blended fertilizere5
- Outcome
- plant height, number of productive tillers, spike lengthe5
- Qualifier
- p < 0.01e5
- Setting
- Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopiat0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing inorganic blended fertilizer application for the maximum grain yield and profitability of bread wheat and food barley in Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia”
e5“The analysis of variance results showed that blended fertilizer significantly ( p < 0.01) affected plant height, number of productive tillers, spike length, number of kernels, thousand seed weight, biomass yield, grain yield, and harvest index traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Blended NPSB fertilizer significantly affected number of kernels, thousand seed weight and biomass yield.
- Taxon
- bread wheat and food barleyt0
- Treatment
- blended fertilizere5
- Outcome
- number of kernels, thousand seed weight, biomass yielde5
- Qualifier
- p < 0.01e5
- Setting
- Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopiat0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing inorganic blended fertilizer application for the maximum grain yield and profitability of bread wheat and food barley in Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia”
e5“The analysis of variance results showed that blended fertilizer significantly ( p < 0.01) affected plant height, number of productive tillers, spike length, number of kernels, thousand seed weight, biomass yield, grain yield, and harvest index traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Blended NPSB fertilizer significantly affected grain yield and harvest index.
- Taxon
- bread wheat and food barleyt0
- Treatment
- blended fertilizere5
- Outcome
- grain yield, and harvest indexe5
- Qualifier
- p < 0.01e5
- Setting
- Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopiat0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing inorganic blended fertilizer application for the maximum grain yield and profitability of bread wheat and food barley in Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia”
e5“The analysis of variance results showed that blended fertilizer significantly ( p < 0.01) affected plant height, number of productive tillers, spike length, number of kernels, thousand seed weight, biomass yield, grain yield, and harvest index traits”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmers are recommended to use 150 kg/ha NPSB for wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Outcome
- 150 kg ha⁻¹ NPSB for wheate6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing inorganic blended fertilizer application for the maximum grain yield and profitability of bread wheat and food barley in Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia”
e6“farmers are recommended to use 150 kg ha⁻¹ NPSB for wheat and 125 kg ha⁻¹ NPSB for barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Farmers are recommended to use 125 kg/ha NPSB for barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree6
- Outcome
- 125 kg ha⁻¹ NPSB for barleye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Optimizing inorganic blended fertilizer application for the maximum grain yield and profitability of bread wheat and food barley in Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia”
e6“farmers are recommended to use 150 kg ha⁻¹ NPSB for wheat and 125 kg ha⁻¹ NPSB for barley”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
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- positive
- positive
- no effect
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See all 550 papers →fertilization · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3,114 papers in the same direction as this paper · 284 in the opposite direction · 39 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
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See all 3,438 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.