Abstract
Endophytic fungi inhabit various plant tissues and organs without inducing evident disease symptoms. They can contribute positively to the growth of plants, bolster plants resilience to environmental and biological stresses, and facilitate the accumulation of secondary metabolites. These microbial resources possess significant developmental and utilization value in various applications. Hence, this study focused on exploring the plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits of 14 endophytic fungi from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (CX) and elucidating the effects and mechanisms that facilitate plant growth. According to PGP activity evaluation, the majority of strains demonstrated the capacity to produce IAA (78.57%), siderophores (50.00%), ammonia (35.71%), potassium solubilization (21.43%), nitrogen fixation (57.14%), and phosphate solubilization (42.86%). Further investigations indicated that the levels of IAA ranged from 13.05 to 301.43 μg/mL, whereas the soluble phosphorus levels ranged from 47.32 to 125.95 μg/mL. In cocultivation assays, it was indicated that Fusarium sp. YMY5, Colletotrichum sp. YMY6, Alternaria sp. ZZ10 and Fusarium sp. ZZ13 had a certain promoting effect on lateral root number and fresh weight of tobacco. Furthermore, ZZ10 and ZZ13 significantly enhanced the germination potential, germination index, and vigor index of tobacco seeds. The subsequent potted trials demonstrated that the four endophytic fungi exhibited an enhancement to growth parameters of tobacco to a certain extent. ZZ10 and ZZ13 treatment had the best promotion effect. Inoculation with YMY5 increased the chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content. ZZ10 and ZZ13 treatment remarkably increased the net photosynthetic rate, soluble sugars and soluble protein content, catalase and peroxidase activities, and lowered malondialdehyde content in tobacco leaves. In addition, YMY5 remarkably elevated superoxide dismutase activities. ZZ13 upregulated the expression of growth-related gene. Among them, ZZ13 had a better growth-promoting effect. In conclusion, these endophytic fungi possessing multi-trait characteristics and the capacity to enhance plant growth exhibit promising potential as biofertilizers or plant growth regulators.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Most endophytic fungal strains produced IAA (78.57%).
Verbatim
e1“14 endophytic fungi from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (CX)”
e2“According to PGP activity evaluation, the majority of strains demonstrated the capacity to produce IAA (78.57%), siderophores (50.00%), ammonia (35.71%), potassium solubilization (21.43%), nitrogen fixation (57.14%), and phosphate solubilization (42.86%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Most endophytic fungal strains produced siderophores (50.00%).
Verbatim
e1“14 endophytic fungi from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (CX)”
e2“According to PGP activity evaluation, the majority of strains demonstrated the capacity to produce IAA (78.57%), siderophores (50.00%), ammonia (35.71%), potassium solubilization (21.43%), nitrogen fixation (57.14%), and phosphate solubilization (42.86%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Most endophytic fungal strains produced ammonia (35.71%).
Verbatim
e1“14 endophytic fungi from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (CX)”
e2“According to PGP activity evaluation, the majority of strains demonstrated the capacity to produce IAA (78.57%), siderophores (50.00%), ammonia (35.71%), potassium solubilization (21.43%), nitrogen fixation (57.14%), and phosphate solubilization (42.86%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Most endophytic fungal strains showed potassium solubilization (21.43%).
Verbatim
e1“14 endophytic fungi from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (CX)”
e2“According to PGP activity evaluation, the majority of strains demonstrated the capacity to produce IAA (78.57%), siderophores (50.00%), ammonia (35.71%), potassium solubilization (21.43%), nitrogen fixation (57.14%), and phosphate solubilization (42.86%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Most endophytic fungal strains showed nitrogen fixation (57.14%).
Verbatim
e1“14 endophytic fungi from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (CX)”
e2“According to PGP activity evaluation, the majority of strains demonstrated the capacity to produce IAA (78.57%), siderophores (50.00%), ammonia (35.71%), potassium solubilization (21.43%), nitrogen fixation (57.14%), and phosphate solubilization (42.86%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Most endophytic fungal strains showed phosphate solubilization (42.86%).
Verbatim
e1“14 endophytic fungi from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (CX)”
e2“According to PGP activity evaluation, the majority of strains demonstrated the capacity to produce IAA (78.57%), siderophores (50.00%), ammonia (35.71%), potassium solubilization (21.43%), nitrogen fixation (57.14%), and phosphate solubilization (42.86%)”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA levels of the endophytic fungi ranged from 13.05 to 301.43 μg/mL.
- Taxon
- Ligusticum chuanxiong HortLigusticum chuanxionge1
- Interactor
- endophytic fungie1symbiont
- Outcome
- levels of IAAe3
- Value
- 13.05 to 301.43 μg/mLe3
Verbatim
e1“14 endophytic fungi from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (CX)”
e3“Further investigations indicated that the levels of IAA ranged from 13.05 to 301.43 μg/mL, whereas the soluble phosphorus levels ranged from 47.32 to 125.95 μg/mL”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble phosphorus levels of the endophytic fungi ranged from 47.32 to 125.95 μg/mL.
- Taxon
- Ligusticum chuanxiong HortLigusticum chuanxionge1
- Interactor
- endophytic fungie1symbiont
- Outcome
- soluble phosphorus levelse3
- Value
- 47.32 to 125.95 μg/mLe3
Verbatim
e1“14 endophytic fungi from Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (CX)”
e3“Further investigations indicated that the levels of IAA ranged from 13.05 to 301.43 μg/mL, whereas the soluble phosphorus levels ranged from 47.32 to 125.95 μg/mL”
Claim · model-written summary
In cocultivation, Fusarium sp. YMY5 and three other endophytic fungi promoted lateral root number and fresh weight of tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume4 - Treatment
- cocultivatione4
- Interactor
- Fusarium sp. YMY5e4symbiont
- Outcome
- lateral root number and fresh weighte4
- Direction
- promoting effecte4
- Qualifier
- Colletotrichum sp. YMY6, Alternaria sp. ZZ10 and Fusarium sp. ZZ13e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In cocultivation assays, it was indicated that Fusarium sp. YMY5, Colletotrichum sp. YMY6, Alternaria sp. ZZ10 and Fusarium sp. ZZ13 had a certain promoting effect on lateral root number and fresh weight of tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophytes ZZ10 and ZZ13 significantly enhanced germination potential, germination index and vigor index of tobacco seeds.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume5
- Treatment
- ZZ10 and ZZ13e5
- Interactor
- ZZ10e5symbiont
- Second interactor
- ZZ13e5symbiont
- Outcome
- germination potential, germination index, and vigor indexe5
- Direction
- enhancede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Furthermore, ZZ10 and ZZ13 significantly enhanced the germination potential, germination index, and vigor index of tobacco seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Four endophytic fungi enhanced growth parameters of tobacco to a certain extent in potted trials.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume6
- Treatment
- endophytic fungie6
- Interactor
- endophytic fungie6symbiont
- Outcome
- growth parameterse6
- Direction
- an enhancemente6
- Qualifier
- to a certain extente6
- Setting
- potted trialse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The subsequent potted trials demonstrated that the four endophytic fungi exhibited an enhancement to growth parameters of tobacco to a certain extent”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophytes ZZ10 and ZZ13 gave the best tobacco growth promotion among the tested fungi.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume3
- Treatment
- ZZ10 and ZZ13 treatmente7
- Interactor
- ZZ10e7symbiont
- Second interactor
- ZZ13e7symbiont
- Outcome
- promotion effecte7
- Direction
- beste7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In cocultivation assays, it was indicated that Fusarium sp. YMY5, Colletotrichum sp. YMY6, Alternaria sp. ZZ10 and Fusarium sp. ZZ13 had a certain promoting effect on lateral root number and fresh weight of tobacco”
e7“ZZ10 and ZZ13 treatment had the best promotion effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with YMY5 increased chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume3
- Treatment
- Inoculation with YMY5e4
- Interactor
- YMY5e4symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll contente4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In cocultivation assays, it was indicated that Fusarium sp. YMY5, Colletotrichum sp. YMY6, Alternaria sp. ZZ10 and Fusarium sp. ZZ13 had a certain promoting effect on lateral root number and fresh weight of tobacco”
e4“Inoculation with YMY5 increased the chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content”
Claim · model-written summary
ZZ10 and ZZ13 treatment increased the net photosynthetic rate of tobacco leaves.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume5
- Organ / stage
- tobacco leavese5
- Treatment
- ZZ10 and ZZ13 treatmente5
- Interactor
- ZZ10e5symbiont
- Second interactor
- ZZ13e5symbiont
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic ratee5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“ZZ10 and ZZ13 treatment remarkably increased the net photosynthetic rate, soluble sugars and soluble protein content, catalase and peroxidase activities, and lowered malondialdehyde content in tobacco leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
ZZ10 and ZZ13 treatment increased soluble sugars and soluble protein content in tobacco leaves.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume5
- Organ / stage
- tobacco leavese5
- Treatment
- ZZ10 and ZZ13 treatmente5
- Interactor
- ZZ10e5symbiont
- Second interactor
- ZZ13e5symbiont
- Outcome
- soluble sugars and soluble protein contente5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“ZZ10 and ZZ13 treatment remarkably increased the net photosynthetic rate, soluble sugars and soluble protein content, catalase and peroxidase activities, and lowered malondialdehyde content in tobacco leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
ZZ10 and ZZ13 treatment increased catalase and peroxidase activities in tobacco leaves.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume5
- Organ / stage
- tobacco leavese5
- Treatment
- ZZ10 and ZZ13 treatmente5
- Interactor
- ZZ10e5symbiont
- Second interactor
- ZZ13e5symbiont
- Outcome
- catalase and peroxidase activitiese5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“ZZ10 and ZZ13 treatment remarkably increased the net photosynthetic rate, soluble sugars and soluble protein content, catalase and peroxidase activities, and lowered malondialdehyde content in tobacco leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
ZZ10 and ZZ13 treatment lowered malondialdehyde content in tobacco leaves.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume5
- Organ / stage
- tobacco leavese5
- Treatment
- ZZ10 and ZZ13 treatmente5
- Interactor
- ZZ10e5symbiont
- Second interactor
- ZZ13e5symbiont
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde contente5
- Direction
- lowerede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“ZZ10 and ZZ13 treatment remarkably increased the net photosynthetic rate, soluble sugars and soluble protein content, catalase and peroxidase activities, and lowered malondialdehyde content in tobacco leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
YMY5 elevated superoxide dismutase activities in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume3
- Treatment
- YMY5e4
- Interactor
- YMY5e4symbiont
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase activitiese4
- Direction
- elevatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In cocultivation assays, it was indicated that Fusarium sp. YMY5, Colletotrichum sp. YMY6, Alternaria sp. ZZ10 and Fusarium sp. ZZ13 had a certain promoting effect on lateral root number and fresh weight of tobacco”
e4“In addition, YMY5 remarkably elevated superoxide dismutase activities”
Claim · model-written summary
ZZ13 upregulated the expression of a growth-related gene in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume3
- Treatment
- ZZ13e4
- Interactor
- ZZ13e4symbiont
- Gene
- growth-related genee4
- Outcome
- expression of growth-related genee4
- Direction
- upregulatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In cocultivation assays, it was indicated that Fusarium sp. YMY5, Colletotrichum sp. YMY6, Alternaria sp. ZZ10 and Fusarium sp. ZZ13 had a certain promoting effect on lateral root number and fresh weight of tobacco”
e4“ZZ13 upregulated the expression of growth-related gene”
Claim · model-written summary
ZZ13 had a better growth-promoting effect than the other endophytes tested.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume3
- Treatment
- ZZ13e4
- Interactor
- ZZ13e4symbiont
- Outcome
- growth-promoting effecte4
- Direction
- bettere4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In cocultivation assays, it was indicated that Fusarium sp. YMY5, Colletotrichum sp. YMY6, Alternaria sp. ZZ10 and Fusarium sp. ZZ13 had a certain promoting effect on lateral root number and fresh weight of tobacco”
e4“Among them, ZZ13 had a better growth-promoting effect”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · physiology: pigments · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.