Abstract
Abstract Alternative strategies to fumigation are needed to manage weeds and improve strawberry fruit yield in annual hill plasticulture production systems. Field experiments were conducted in Blackstone, VA, for two consecutive growing seasons, 2013/14 and 2014/15, to assess the efficacy of 4 wk and 8 wk soil solarization (SS) and application of mustard seed meal (MSM) at 1,121 kg ha −1 , alone and in combination, for weed control efficacy and crop yield estimation in this production system. These treatments were compared to the use of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) + chloropicrin (Pic) as a fumigation standard at 188 kg ha −1 and an untreated control (UTC). Over both growing seasons, compared to 1,3-D+ Pic, the SS-MSM-8wk and SS-8wk treatments provided equivalent or reduced cumulative weed count, including weed count of several dominant weed species such as annual ryegrass, speedwell, common chickweed, and cudweed. The SS-4wk and MSM-4wk treatments did not affect weed density compared with the UTC. The MSM-8 wk and 4-wk treatments reduced cumulative weed counts over that of the UTC. In the second growing season, the total yield was significantly higher after the 1,3-D + Pic fumigation treatment compared with yield after other treatments. The SS-4wk, MSM-4wk, and MSM-8wk treatments did not improve the total or marketable yield compared with the UTC. The marketable yield after the SS-MSM-8wk treatment was similar to that of the 1,3-D + Pic treatment. In conclusion, the SS-8wk and SS-MSM-8wk treatments may be effective weed management strategies for organic growers, small farms, or growers who cannot use chemical fumigants due to new regulations and potential risks to human health.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Eight-week solarization plus mustard meal provided equivalent or reduced weed counts relative to fumigation.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- SS-MSM-8wke0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- cumulative weed counte0
- Direction
- equivalent or reducede0
- Comparator
- 1,3-D+ Pice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“compared to 1,3-D+ Pic, the SS-MSM-8wk and SS-8wk treatments provided equivalent or reduced cumulative weed count”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight-week solarization alone provided equivalent or reduced weed counts relative to fumigation.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- SS-8wke0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- cumulative weed counte0
- Direction
- equivalent or reducede0
- Comparator
- 1,3-D+ Pice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared to 1,3-D+ Pic, the SS-MSM-8wk and SS-8wk treatments provided equivalent or reduced cumulative weed count”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Four-week solarization did not affect weed density versus untreated plots.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- SS-4wke0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Comparator
- UTCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SS-4wk and MSM-4wk treatments did not affect weed density compared with the UTC.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Four-week mustard meal did not affect weed density versus untreated plots.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- MSM-4wke0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Comparator
- UTCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SS-4wk and MSM-4wk treatments did not affect weed density compared with the UTC.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight-week mustard meal reduced cumulative weed counts versus untreated plots.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- MSM-8 wke0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- cumulative weed countse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- UTCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The MSM-8 wk and 4-wk treatments reduced cumulative weed counts over that of the UTC.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Four-week mustard meal reduced cumulative weed counts versus untreated plots.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- 4-wke0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- cumulative weed countse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- UTCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The MSM-8 wk and 4-wk treatments reduced cumulative weed counts over that of the UTC.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation produced significantly higher total yield than other treatments in the second season.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- 1,3-D + Pic fumigation treatmente0
- Outcome
- total yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- second growing seasone0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the second growing season, the total yield was significantly higher after the 1,3-D + Pic fumigation treatment compared with yield after other treatments.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Four-week solarization did not improve total or marketable yield versus untreated plots.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- SS-4wke0
- Outcome
- total or marketable yielde0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
- Comparator
- UTCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SS-4wk, MSM-4wk, and MSM-8wk treatments did not improve the total or marketable yield compared with the UTC.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Four-week mustard meal did not improve total or marketable yield versus untreated plots.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- MSM-4wke0
- Outcome
- total or marketable yielde0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
- Comparator
- UTCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SS-4wk, MSM-4wk, and MSM-8wk treatments did not improve the total or marketable yield compared with the UTC.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight-week mustard meal did not improve total or marketable yield versus untreated plots.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- MSM-8wke0
- Outcome
- total or marketable yielde0
- Direction
- did not improvee0
- Comparator
- UTCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SS-4wk, MSM-4wk, and MSM-8wk treatments did not improve the total or marketable yield compared with the UTC.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight-week combined treatment gave marketable yield similar to fumigation.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- SS-MSM-8wke0
- Outcome
- marketable yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- 1,3-D + Pic treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The marketable yield after the SS-MSM-8wk treatment was similar to that of the 1,3-D + Pic treatment.”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest eight-week solarization for weed management where fumigation is unsuitable.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- SS-8wke0
- Qualifier
- organic growers, small farms, or growers who cannot use chemical fumigantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the SS-8wk and SS-MSM-8wk treatments may be effective weed management strategies for organic growers, small farms, or growers who cannot use chemical fumigants”
t0“strawberry”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest combined eight-week solarization and mustard meal for weed management where fumigation is unsuitable.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- SS-MSM-8wke0
- Qualifier
- organic growers, small farms, or growers who cannot use chemical fumigantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the SS-8wk and SS-MSM-8wk treatments may be effective weed management strategies for organic growers, small farms, or growers who cannot use chemical fumigants”
t0“strawberry”
The same questions in other papers
solarization · yield · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
34 papers more in this group
See all 38 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.