Abstract
Lodging is one of the major problems in rice production. However, few genes that can explain the culm strength within the temperate japonica subspecies have been identified. In this study, we identified OsRLCK191, which encodes receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase and plays critical roles in culm strength. OsRLCK191 mutants were produced by the CRISPR-Cas9 DNA-editing system. Compared with wild types (WTs), the bending moment of the whole plant (WP), the bending moment at breaking (BM), and the section modulus (SM) were decreased in rlck191 significantly. Although there is no significant decrease in the culm length of rlck191 compared with the WT; in the mutant, except the length of the fourth internode being significantly increased, the lengths of other internodes are significantly shortened. In addition, the yield traits of panicle length, thousand-seed weight, and seed setting rate decreased significantly in rlck191. Moreover, RNA-seq experiments were performed at an early stage of rice panicle differentiation in shoot apex. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are mainly involved in cell wall biogenesis, cell wall polysaccharide metabolic processes, cellar component biogenesis, and DNA-binding transcription factors. Transcriptome analysis of the cell wall biological process pathways showed that major genes that participated in the cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase family, cellulose synthase catalytic subunit genes, and ethylene response factor family transcription factor were related to culm strength. Our research provides an important theoretical basis for analyzing the lodging resistance mechanism and lodging resistance breeding of temperate japonica.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
OsRLCK191 was identified as encoding a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase involved in culm strength.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Gene
- OsRLCK191e0
- Outcome
- culm strengthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we identified OsRLCK191, which encodes receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase and plays critical roles in culm strength”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-plant bending moment was significantly lower in rlck191 than wild type.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- rlck191e0
- Treatment
- rlck191e0
- Outcome
- bending moment of the whole plant (WP)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- wild types (WTs)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with wild types (WTs), the bending moment of the whole plant (WP), the bending moment at breaking (BM), and the section modulus (SM) were decreased in rlck191 significantly”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Bending moment at breaking was significantly lower in rlck191 than wild type.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- rlck191e0
- Outcome
- bending moment at breaking (BM)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- wild types (WTs)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with wild types (WTs), the bending moment of the whole plant (WP), the bending moment at breaking (BM), and the section modulus (SM) were decreased in rlck191 significantly”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Section modulus was significantly lower in rlck191 than wild type.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- rlck191e0
- Outcome
- section modulus (SM)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- wild types (WTs)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with wild types (WTs), the bending moment of the whole plant (WP), the bending moment at breaking (BM), and the section modulus (SM) were decreased in rlck191 significantly”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Culm length did not decrease significantly in rlck191 relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- rlck191e0
- Outcome
- culm lengthe0
- Direction
- no significant decreasee0
- Comparator
- WTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there is no significant decrease in the culm length of rlck191 compared with the WT”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Fourth internode length increased significantly in rlck191.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- rlck191e1
- Outcome
- length of the fourth internodee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- WTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the length of the fourth internode being significantly increased”
e1“rlck191 compared with the WT”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Other internodes were significantly shorter in rlck191.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- rlck191e1
- Outcome
- lengths of other internodese0
- Direction
- shortenede0
- Comparator
- WTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lengths of other internodes are significantly shortened”
e1“rlck191 compared with the WT”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Panicle length decreased significantly in rlck191.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- rlck191e0
- Outcome
- panicle lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield traits of panicle length, thousand-seed weight, and seed setting rate decreased significantly in rlck191”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Thousand-seed weight decreased significantly in rlck191.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- rlck191e0
- Outcome
- thousand-seed weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield traits of panicle length, thousand-seed weight, and seed setting rate decreased significantly in rlck191”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed setting rate decreased significantly in rlck191.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- rlck191e0
- Outcome
- seed setting ratee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield traits of panicle length, thousand-seed weight, and seed setting rate decreased significantly in rlck191”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in cell wall and cell component biogenesis, polysaccharide metabolism, and DNA-binding transcription factors.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- differentially expressed genes (DEGs)e0
- Outcome
- cell wall biogenesis, cell wall polysaccharide metabolic processes, cellar component biogenesis, and DNA-binding transcription factorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are mainly involved in cell wall biogenesis, cell wall polysaccharide metabolic processes, cellar component biogenesis, and DNA-binding transcription factors”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcriptome analysis related cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase, cellulose synthase, and ethylene response factor genes to culm strength.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- major genese0
- Outcome
- culm strengthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“major genes that participated in the cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase family, cellulose synthase catalytic subunit genes, and ethylene response factor family transcription factor were related to culm strength”
t0“Rice”