Abstract
Plants recognize molecules related to a variety of biotic stresses through pattern recognition receptors to activate plant immunity. In the interactions between plants and chewing herbivores, such as lepidopteran larvae, oral secretions (OS) are deposited on wounded sites, which results in the elicitation of plant immune responses. The widely conserved receptor-like kinase CHITIN ELICITOR RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (CERK1) has been broadly associated with the recognition of microbial components, such as fungal chitin, but its relevance to herbivory remained unclear. In this study, we used receptor-knockout rice (Oryza sativa) and larvae of the lepidopteran pest Mythimna loreyi to demonstrate that the induction of immune responses triggered by larval OS in rice cells largely depends on CERK1 (OsCERK1). CHITIN ELICITOR-BINDING PROTEIN (CEBiP), an OsCERK1-interacting receptor-like protein that was proposed as the main chitin receptor, also contributed to the responses of rice cells to OS collected from three different lepidopteran species. Furthermore, CEBiP knockout rice seedlings showed lower OS-triggered accumulation of jasmonic acid. These results strongly suggest that the OsCERK1 and CEBiP recognize a particular OS component in chewing lepidopteran herbivores, and point toward the presence of chitooligosaccharides in the OS. Targeted perturbation to chitin recognition, through the use of fungal effector proteins, confirmed the presence of chitooligosaccharides in the OS. Treatments of wounds on rice plants with chitooligosaccharides enhanced a set of immune responses, leading to resistance against an herbivorous insect. Our data show that rice recognizes chitooligosaccharides during larval herbivory to activate resistance, and identifies chitin as a novel herbivore-associated molecular pattern.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Rice immune responses to larval oral secretions largely depended on OsCERK1.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Interactor
- Mythimna loreyi
Mythimna loreyit0pest - Gene
- CERK1 (OsCERK1)e0
- Outcome
- induction of immune responsese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the induction of immune responses triggered by larval OS in rice cells largely depends on CERK1 (OsCERK1)”
t0“larvae of the lepidopteran pest Mythimna loreyi”
Claim · model-written summary
CEBiP contributed to rice cell responses to oral secretions from three lepidopteran species.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- lepidopteran speciese0herbivore
- Gene
- CEBiPe1
- Outcome
- responses of rice cells to OSe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“also contributed to the responses of rice cells to OS collected from three different lepidopteran species”
t0“rice”
e1“CHITIN ELICITOR-BINDING PROTEIN (CEBiP)”
Claim · model-written summary
CEBiP knockout seedlings had lower oral secretion triggered jasmonic acid accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- CEBiPe0
- Outcome
- OS-triggered accumulation of jasmonic acide0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CEBiP knockout rice seedlings showed lower OS-triggered accumulation of jasmonic acid”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Perturbing chitin recognition with fungal effector proteins confirmed chitooligosaccharides in oral secretions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- fungal effector proteinse0
- Outcome
- presence of chitooligosaccharides in the OSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Targeted perturbation to chitin recognition, through the use of fungal effector proteins, confirmed the presence of chitooligosaccharides in the OS”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying chitooligosaccharides to rice wounds enhanced immune responses.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- chitooligosaccharidese0
- Interactor
- herbivorous insecte0herbivore
- Outcome
- immune responsese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments of wounds on rice plants with chitooligosaccharides enhanced a set of immune responses, leading to resistance against an herbivorous insect”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying chitooligosaccharides to rice wounds led to resistance against an herbivorous insect.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- chitooligosaccharidese0
- Interactor
- herbivorous insecte0herbivore
- Outcome
- resistance against an herbivorous insecte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments of wounds on rice plants with chitooligosaccharides enhanced a set of immune responses, leading to resistance against an herbivorous insect”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that OsCERK1 and CEBiP recognize an oral secretion component and that chitooligosaccharides are present in it.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- chewing lepidopteran herbivorese0herbivore
- Gene
- OsCERK1 and CEBiPe0
- Outcome
- recognize a particular OS componente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results strongly suggest that the OsCERK1 and CEBiP recognize a particular OS component in chewing lepidopteran herbivores, and point toward the presence of chitooligosaccharides in the OS”
t0“rice”
The same questions in other papers
chitooligosaccharide · physiology: photosynthesis · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.