Abstract
Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha) competes for resources within containers, resulting in a reduction in the quality and market value of ornamentals. Therefore, the objective of this study was (1) to assess the impact of different mulch types, depths, and their moisture-holding-capacity on liverwort control and (2) to quantify if phytotoxicities develop on ornamental plants due to the mulches. The percent water retention of four different organic mulches [rice hull (RH), cocoa hull (CH), pine bark (PB), or red hardwood (HW)] was determined in a laboratory experiment. In a greenhouse experiment, the Hosta plantaginea (Plantain Lily) varieties ‘Curly Fries’ and ‘Pandora’s Box’ were mulched with either RH, HW, CH, or PB at a depth of 0.63, 1.27, 2.54, or 5.08 cm. Liverwort thalli coverage on the container surface was visually estimated bi-weekly, and the fresh weight of the thalli was recorded at the end of the experiment. The results indicated that CH mulch retained the highest amount of moisture (86%). The RH and HW mulches, at depths of 1.27 cm or more, provided excellent (>80%) liverwort control in ‘Curly Fries’. All mulches at depths of 1.27 cm or more showed excellent (100%) liverwort control for ‘Pandora’s Box’. Overall, RH and PB mulches at all depths provided excellent liverwort control and no reduction in the growth of ‘Curly Fries’ and ‘Pandora’s Box’.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Cocoa hull mulch retained the highest amount of moisture (86%) among four organic mulches.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“CH mulch retained the highest amount of moisture (86%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice hull and hardwood mulches at depths of 1.27 cm or more gave excellent (>80%) liverwort control in Hosta Curly Fries.
- Taxon
- Hosta plantaginea
Hosta plantagineae5 - Material
- Curly Friese0
- Treatment
- RH and HW mulches, at depths of 1.27 cm or moree0
- Interactor
- liverworte0weed
- Outcome
- liverwort controle0
- Direction
- excellente0
- Value
- >80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The RH and HW mulches, at depths of 1.27 cm or more, provided excellent (>80%) liverwort control in ‘Curly Fries’”
e5“Hosta plantaginea (Plantain Lily)”
Claim · model-written summary
All mulches at depths of 1.27 cm or more gave excellent (100%) liverwort control in Hosta Pandora’s Box.
- Taxon
- Hosta plantagineaHosta plantagineae5
- Material
- Pandora’s Boxe0
- Treatment
- All mulches at depths of 1.27 cm or moree0
- Interactor
- liverworte0weed
- Outcome
- liverwort controle0
- Direction
- excellente0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All mulches at depths of 1.27 cm or more showed excellent (100%) liverwort control for ‘Pandora’s Box’”
e5“Hosta plantaginea (Plantain Lily)”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall, rice hull and pine bark mulches at all depths provided excellent liverwort control in the two Hosta varieties.
- Taxon
- Hosta plantagineaHosta plantagineae5
- Material
- ‘Curly Fries’ and ‘Pandora’s Box’e1
- Treatment
- RH and PB mulches at all depthse0
- Interactor
- liverworte0weed
- Outcome
- liverwort controle0
- Direction
- excellente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, RH and PB mulches at all depths provided excellent liverwort control”
e1“growth of ‘Curly Fries’ and ‘Pandora’s Box’”
e5“Hosta plantaginea (Plantain Lily)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice hull and pine bark mulches at all depths caused no reduction in the growth of the two Hosta varieties.
- Taxon
- Hosta plantagineaHosta plantagineae5
- Material
- ‘Curly Fries’ and ‘Pandora’s Box’e0
- Treatment
- RH and PB mulches at all depthse1
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- no reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no reduction in the growth of ‘Curly Fries’ and ‘Pandora’s Box’”
e1“RH and PB mulches at all depths”
e5“Hosta plantaginea (Plantain Lily)”