Abstract
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is one of the major vegetable crops in Egypt that are damaged and lost by Botrytis neck rot. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of silica gel, acetic acid, fulvic acid and charcoal as protective agents against Botrytis allii under both in vitro and in greenhouse and field conditions. In vitro, the maximum disease reduction was observed by 1%, 0.8% and 0.5% acetic acid (73.7%, 63.7%, and 61.2%, respectively), followed by 2% of charcoal (52%) and 3% of silica gel (47.5%). In the greenhouse and field conditions, silica gel (3%) and acetic acid (1%) were the best treatments and were shown to inhibit the disease up to 85.7% in green house and up to 70.4% and 69% in field, respectively compared to untreated control, therefore, we considered that the two treatments would be suitable applications as a safe and cheap alternative to fungicides. Keywords: Onion; Botrytis neck rot; Silica gel; Acetic acid; Fulvic acid; Charcoal.
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, 1% acetic acid produced 73.7% disease reduction.
- Taxon
- Botrytis allii
Botrytis alliie1 - Treatment
- 1%e0
- Outcome
- disease reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 73.7%e0
- Qualifier
- acetic acide0
- Setting
- In vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro, the maximum disease reduction was observed by 1%, 0.8% and 0.5% acetic acid (73.7%, 63.7%, and 61.2%, respectively)”
e1“protective agents against Botrytis allii”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, 0.8% acetic acid produced 63.7% disease reduction.
- Taxon
- Botrytis alliiBotrytis alliie1
- Treatment
- 0.8%e0
- Outcome
- disease reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 63.7%e0
- Qualifier
- acetic acide0
- Setting
- In vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro, the maximum disease reduction was observed by 1%, 0.8% and 0.5% acetic acid (73.7%, 63.7%, and 61.2%, respectively)”
e1“protective agents against Botrytis allii”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, 0.5% acetic acid produced 61.2% disease reduction.
- Taxon
- Botrytis alliiBotrytis alliie1
- Treatment
- 0.5% acetic acide0
- Outcome
- disease reductione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 61.2%e0
- Setting
- In vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In vitro, the maximum disease reduction was observed by 1%, 0.8% and 0.5% acetic acid (73.7%, 63.7%, and 61.2%, respectively)”
e1“protective agents against Botrytis allii”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, 2% charcoal produced 52% disease reduction.
- Taxon
- Botrytis alliiBotrytis alliie2
- Treatment
- 2% of charcoale0
- Outcome
- disease reductione1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 52%e0
- Setting
- In vitroe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by 2% of charcoal (52%) and 3% of silica gel (47.5%)”
e1“In vitro, the maximum disease reduction”
e2“protective agents against Botrytis allii”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro, 3% silica gel produced 47.5% disease reduction.
- Taxon
- Botrytis alliiBotrytis alliie2
- Treatment
- 3% of silica gele0
- Outcome
- disease reductione1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 47.5%e0
- Setting
- In vitroe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by 2% of charcoal (52%) and 3% of silica gel (47.5%)”
e1“In vitro, the maximum disease reduction”
e2“protective agents against Botrytis allii”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica gel at 3% was among the best greenhouse treatments, inhibiting disease up to 85.7% compared with untreated control.
- Taxon
- Onion
Allium cepat0 - Treatment
- silica gel (3%)e0
- Interactor
- Botrytis alliiBotrytis alliie1pathogen
- Outcome
- diseasee0
- Direction
- inhibite0
- Value
- up to 85.7%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
- Setting
- green housee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the greenhouse and field conditions, silica gel (3%) and acetic acid (1%) were the best treatments and were shown to inhibit the disease up to 85.7% in green house and up to 70.4% and 69% in field, respectively compared to untreated control”
t0“Onion”
e1“protective agents against Botrytis allii”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetic acid at 1% was among the best greenhouse treatments, inhibiting disease up to 85.7% compared with untreated control.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- acetic acid (1%)e0
- Interactor
- Botrytis alliiBotrytis alliie1pathogen
- Outcome
- diseasee0
- Direction
- inhibite0
- Value
- up to 85.7%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
- Setting
- green housee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Schema note from the model: The greenhouse value is shared in the sentence without separate treatment-specific values.
Verbatim
e0“In the greenhouse and field conditions, silica gel (3%) and acetic acid (1%) were the best treatments and were shown to inhibit the disease up to 85.7% in green house and up to 70.4% and 69% in field, respectively compared to untreated control”
t0“Onion”
e1“protective agents against Botrytis allii”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica gel at 3% inhibited disease up to 70.4% in the field compared with untreated control.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- silica gel (3%)e0
- Interactor
- Botrytis alliiBotrytis alliie1pathogen
- Outcome
- diseasee0
- Direction
- inhibite0
- Value
- up to 70.4%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the greenhouse and field conditions, silica gel (3%) and acetic acid (1%) were the best treatments and were shown to inhibit the disease up to 85.7% in green house and up to 70.4% and 69% in field, respectively compared to untreated control”
t0“Onion”
e1“protective agents against Botrytis allii”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetic acid at 1% inhibited disease up to 69% in the field compared with untreated control.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- acetic acid (1%)e0
- Interactor
- Botrytis alliiBotrytis alliie1pathogen
- Outcome
- diseasee0
- Direction
- inhibite0
- Value
- 69%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the greenhouse and field conditions, silica gel (3%) and acetic acid (1%) were the best treatments and were shown to inhibit the disease up to 85.7% in green house and up to 70.4% and 69% in field, respectively compared to untreated control”
t0“Onion”
e1“protective agents against Botrytis allii”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 3% silica gel as a safe, cheap alternative to fungicides.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- silica gel (3%)e0
- Outcome
- a safe and cheap alternative to fungicidese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silica gel (3%) and acetic acid (1%)”
e1“we considered that the two treatments would be suitable applications as a safe and cheap alternative to fungicides”
t0“Onion”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 1% acetic acid as a safe, cheap alternative to fungicides.
- Taxon
- OnionAllium cepat0
- Treatment
- acetic acid (1%)e0
- Outcome
- a safe and cheap alternative to fungicidese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silica gel (3%) and acetic acid (1%)”
e1“we considered that the two treatments would be suitable applications as a safe and cheap alternative to fungicides”
t0“Onion”