Abstract
Studies revealed that, in comparison to puddled transplanted rice, direct seeded rice system can reduce overall labour requirements by 11-66% and irrigation water needs by 35-57%. Heavy weed infestation is the major problem faced by the farmers in DSR, which in severe cases results in full crop loss and diminishes the economic return. Integrated weed management treatments resulted in significant reduction in weed intensity and dry matter accumulation with higher weed control efficiency as compared to UWC. Among the integrated weed management treatments at 14 DAS, monocot weeds, dicot weeds, and sedges were efficiently controlled by all the integrated weed management treatments. Whereas, pretilachlor 30.7% EC at 0.450 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 25 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (T8) and oxyfluorfen 23. 5% EC at 0.150 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 25 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (T3) indicated the lowest weed intensity than any other treatments at the later stages of the crop up to harvest. Among the integrated weed management treatments, lowest weed dry matter at harvest was observed for pretilachlor 30.7% EC at 0.450 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 25 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (T8) and oxyfluorfen 23. 5% EC at 0.150 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 25 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (T3), whereas the maximum was found with oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC at 0.150 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 30 DAS (T1) and pretilachlor 30.7% EC at 0.450 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 30 DAS (T6). Amid the weed species found in the UWC, Alternanthera sessilis (37.7%) and Dinebra retroflexa (34.8%) had the maximum contribution to the weed dry matter observed at harvest.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated weed management significantly reduced weed intensity relative to UWC.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Integrated weed management treatmentse0
- Outcome
- weed intensitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- UWCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integrated weed management treatments resulted in significant reduction in weed intensity and dry matter accumulation with higher weed control efficiency as compared to UWC”
t0“dry direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated weed management significantly reduced weed dry matter relative to UWC.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Integrated weed management treatmentse0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- UWCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integrated weed management treatments resulted in significant reduction in weed intensity and dry matter accumulation with higher weed control efficiency as compared to UWC”
t0“dry direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated weed management improved weed control efficiency relative to UWC.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Integrated weed management treatmentse0
- Outcome
- weed control efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- UWCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integrated weed management treatments resulted in significant reduction in weed intensity and dry matter accumulation with higher weed control efficiency as compared to UWC”
t0“dry direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
All integrated weed management treatments controlled monocot weeds, dicot weeds and sedges at 14 DAS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- all the integrated weed management treatmentse0
- Outcome
- monocot weeds, dicot weeds, and sedgese0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Qualifier
- at 14 DASe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 14 DAS, monocot weeds, dicot weeds, and sedges were efficiently controlled by all the integrated weed management treatments”
t0“dry direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
T8 produced the lowest weed intensity later in the crop.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pretilachlor 30.7% EC at 0.450 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 25 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (T8)e0
- Outcome
- weed intensitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- any other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretilachlor 30.7% EC at 0.450 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 25 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (T8) and oxyfluorfen 23. 5% EC at 0.150 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 25 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (T3) indicated the lowest weed intensity than any other treatments at the later stages of the crop up to harvest”
t0“dry direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 produced the lowest weed intensity later in the crop.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- oxyfluorfen 23. 5% EC at 0.150 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 25 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (T3)e0
- Outcome
- weed intensitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- any other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oxyfluorfen 23. 5% EC at 0.150 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 25 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (T3) indicated the lowest weed intensity than any other treatments at the later stages of the crop up to harvest”
t0“dry direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
T8 had the lowest weed dry matter at harvest.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pretilachlor 30.7% EC at 0.450 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 25 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (T8)e0
- Outcome
- weed dry matter at harveste0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowest weed dry matter at harvest was observed for pretilachlor 30.7% EC at 0.450 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 25 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (T8)”
t0“dry direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
T3 had the lowest weed dry matter at harvest.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- oxyfluorfen 23. 5% EC at 0.150 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 25 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (T3)e0
- Outcome
- weed dry matter at harveste0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowest weed dry matter at harvest was observed for pretilachlor 30.7% EC at 0.450 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 25 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (T8) and oxyfluorfen 23. 5% EC at 0.150 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 25 DAS fb hand weeding at 40 DAS (T3)”
t0“dry direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
T1 had maximum weed dry matter at harvest.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC at 0.150 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 30 DAS (T1)e0
- Outcome
- maximume0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum was found with oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC at 0.150 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 30 DAS (T1)”
t0“dry direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
T6 had maximum weed dry matter at harvest.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- pretilachlor 30.7% EC at 0.450 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 30 DAS (T6)e0
- Outcome
- maximume0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum was found with oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC at 0.150 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 30 DAS (T1) and pretilachlor 30.7% EC at 0.450 kg/ha at 2-3 DAS (PE) fb hoeing at 30 DAS (T6)”
t0“dry direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternanthera sessilis contributed 37.7% of weed dry matter at harvest in UWC.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Alternanthera sessilis
Alternanthera sessilise0weed - Outcome
- contribution to the weed dry matter observed at harveste0
- Value
- 37.7%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alternanthera sessilis (37.7%) and Dinebra retroflexa (34.8%) had the maximum contribution to the weed dry matter observed at harvest”
t0“dry direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Dinebra retroflexa contributed 34.8% of weed dry matter at harvest in UWC.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Dinebra retroflexa
.jpg?width=60)
Dinebra retroflexae0weed - Outcome
- contribution to the weed dry matter observed at harveste0
- Value
- 34.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Alternanthera sessilis (37.7%) and Dinebra retroflexa (34.8%) had the maximum contribution to the weed dry matter observed at harvest”
t0“dry direct-seeded rice”
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