Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Plant infiltration techniques, particularly agroinfiltration, have transformed plant science and biotechnology by enabling transient gene expression for genetic engineering of plants or genomic studies. Recently, the use of infiltration has expanded to introduce nanomaterials and polymers in plants to enable nonnative functionalities. Despite its wide use, the impact of the infiltration process per se on plant physiology needs to be better understood. This study investigates the effect of syringe infiltration, a commonly employed technique in plants, using a typical infiltration buffer solution. Noninvasive and real-time monitoring methods, including high-resolution thermal imaging and a porometer/fluorometer, were used to study the physiological responses and stress levels of the infiltrated plants. Our results revealed localized cell damage at the infiltration site due to syringe compression, but the overall cell viability and tissue integrity were largely unaffected. Thermography showed a temporary temperature increase of the leaves and stomatal conductance alterations postinfiltration, with leaf recovery in 3–6 days. Additionally, fluorescence measurements indicated a 6% decrease in maximum quantum efficiency ( F v / F m ) and a 34% decrease in photosystem II (ΦPSII) quantum yield, persisting for 5 days after infiltration, suggesting sustained photosystem efficiency changes. Our work highlights the need to consider the effect of infiltration when performing biological studies and aims to facilitate the optimization of protocols commonly used in plant science and biotechnology.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Syringe infiltration caused localized cell damage at the infiltration site.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- syringe infiltratione1
- Outcome
- localized cell damagee2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco)”
e1“This study investigates the effect of syringe infiltration”
e2“Our results revealed localized cell damage at the infiltration site due to syringe compression”
Claim · model-written summary
Overall cell viability and tissue integrity were largely unaffected by syringe infiltration.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- syringe infiltratione1
- Outcome
- cell viability and tissue integritye3
- Direction
- largely unaffectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco)”
e1“This study investigates the effect of syringe infiltration”
e3“but the overall cell viability and tissue integrity were largely unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf temperature increased temporarily after infiltration.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- postinfiltratione4
- Outcome
- temperaturee4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Qualifier
- temporarye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco)”
e4“Thermography showed a temporary temperature increase of the leaves and stomatal conductance alterations postinfiltration”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal conductance was altered after infiltration.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- postinfiltratione4
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco)”
e4“Thermography showed a temporary temperature increase of the leaves and stomatal conductance alterations postinfiltration”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves recovered from infiltration within 3–6 days.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- syringe infiltratione1
- Outcome
- leaf recoverye5
- Value
- 3–6 dayse5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco)”
e1“This study investigates the effect of syringe infiltration”
e5“with leaf recovery in 3–6 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) decreased by 6% after infiltration.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- syringe infiltratione1
- Outcome
- maximum quantum efficiencye6
- Direction
- decreasee6
- Value
- 6%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco)”
e1“This study investigates the effect of syringe infiltration”
e6“fluorescence measurements indicated a 6% decrease in maximum quantum efficiency ( F v / F m )”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosystem II (ΦPSII) quantum yield decreased by 34% after infiltration and stayed low for 5 days.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- syringe infiltratione1
- Outcome
- photosystem II (ΦPSII) quantum yielde7
- Direction
- decreasee7
- Value
- 34%e7
- Qualifier
- persisting for 5 days after infiltratione7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco)”
e1“This study investigates the effect of syringe infiltration”
e7“a 34% decrease in photosystem II (ΦPSII) quantum yield, persisting for 5 days after infiltration”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of infiltration should be considered when performing biological studies on plants.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- effect of infiltratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco)”
e0“Our work highlights the need to consider the effect of infiltration when performing biological studies”