Abstract
Abstract Several Elaeagnus species (autumn olive [ Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.], Russian olive [ Elaeagnus angustifolia L.], and thorny olive [ Elaeagnus pungens Thunb.]) are invasive in North America. Elaeagnus pungens is prevalent throughout much of the southeastern United States, commonly overtaking wooded and natural areas, bottomlands, and roadsides. While many management methods, including several herbicide treatments, have been evaluated, the efficacy of these methods can vary based on the size and density of the target plants. Further, personal communication with land managers revealed a lack of information that incorporated application effort, duration, and associated cost into treatment efficacy and usefulness. We evaluated three herbicide application methods using the free acid formulation of triclopyr in an E. pungens –infested forest in South Carolina, USA, to determine the effectiveness of each application method. We estimated pretreatment E. pungens biomass and destructively harvested all live material posttreatment to obtain actual biomass values. Foliar herbicide application was ineffective, but both cut stump and basal bark application nearly eliminated E. pungens in the treatment plots. The basal bark application took slightly more time to complete than cut stump treatments but was described as less physically demanding by applicators. Based on treatment efficacy and time required, the basal bark application method seems most prudent for controlling E. pungens in these areas. These results will help land managers more effectively use their resources for invasive woody plant control.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar herbicide application was ineffective against E. pungens.
- Taxon
- Elaeagnus pungens
Elaeagnus pungenst0 - Treatment
- Foliar herbicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- ineffectivee0
- Direction
- ineffectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar herbicide application was ineffective”
t0“Elaeagnus pungens”
Claim · model-written summary
Cut stump application nearly eliminated E. pungens in treatment plots.
- Taxon
- E. pungensElaeagnus pungense0
- Treatment
- cut stumpe0
- Outcome
- E. pungense0
- Direction
- nearly eliminatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both cut stump and basal bark application nearly eliminated E. pungens in the treatment plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal bark application nearly eliminated E. pungens in treatment plots.
- Taxon
- E. pungensElaeagnus pungense0
- Treatment
- basal bark applicatione0
- Outcome
- E. pungense0
- Direction
- nearly eliminatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both cut stump and basal bark application nearly eliminated E. pungens in the treatment plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal bark application took slightly more time than cut stump treatment.
- Taxon
- Elaeagnus pungensElaeagnus pungenst0
- Treatment
- basal bark applicatione0
- Outcome
- time to completee0
- Direction
- slightly moree0
- Comparator
- cut stump treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The basal bark application took slightly more time to complete than cut stump treatments”
t0“Elaeagnus pungens”
Claim · model-written summary
Applicators described basal bark application as less physically demanding than cut stump treatment.
- Taxon
- Elaeagnus pungensElaeagnus pungenst0
- Treatment
- basal bark applicatione0
- Outcome
- physically demandinge0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- cut stump treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The basal bark application took slightly more time to complete than cut stump treatments but was described as less physically demanding by applicators.”
t0“Elaeagnus pungens”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors favor basal bark application for controlling E. pungens in these areas.
- Taxon
- E. pungensElaeagnus pungense0
- Outcome
- basal bark application methode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the basal bark application method seems most prudent for controlling E. pungens in these areas”