Abstract
Global soil salinization has become an increasingly severe challenge for agricultural production, particularly affecting the cultivation of economic crops in marginal lands. Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), despite its economic potential, exhibits a notable sensitivity to salt-alkaline stress, limiting its expansion in saline-alkali regions. This study investigated the regulatory effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers on hemp growth and nutrient homeostasis under alkaline salt stress. Using a “3414” orthogonal experimental design, we evaluated fourteen NPK combinations under 200 mM NaHCO3 stress, a concentration determined through preliminary experiments to simulate moderate alkaline stress. Plant growth parameters, biomass partitioning, and mineral nutrient profiles were analyzed after treatment with three biological replicates. The N1P2K2 treatment (N 120 mg·L−1, P 238 mg·L−1, K 348 mg·L−1) significantly enhanced plant performance, increasing shoot biomass by 45.3% and root biomass by 38.7% compared to the control. This optimal combination maintains the K+/Na+ ratio in leaves above 1.2 and regulated Ca2+/Mg2+ homeostasis, maintaining a ratio of 2.8–3.2, indicating improved salt tolerance. Notably, excessive fertilizer applications (>400 mg·L−1 total nutrients) exacerbated salt injury, reducing biomass accumulation by 25–30% and disrupting ion homeostasis. Our findings reveal the critical thresholds for NPK application in hemp under alkaline stress and provide practical fertilization strategies for sustainable hemp cultivation in saline-alkali regions.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
N1P2K2 raised hemp shoot biomass by 45.3% over control.
- Taxon
- hemp
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativat0 - Treatment
- N1P2K2 treatment (N 120 mg·L−1, P 238 mg·L−1, K 348 mg·L−1)e0
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 45.3%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N1P2K2 treatment (N 120 mg·L−1, P 238 mg·L−1, K 348 mg·L−1) significantly enhanced plant performance, increasing shoot biomass by 45.3% and root biomass by 38.7% compared to the control.”
t0“Hemp”
Claim · model-written summary
N1P2K2 raised hemp root biomass by 38.7% over control.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- N1P2K2 treatment (N 120 mg·L−1, P 238 mg·L−1, K 348 mg·L−1)e0
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 38.7%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N1P2K2 treatment (N 120 mg·L−1, P 238 mg·L−1, K 348 mg·L−1) significantly enhanced plant performance, increasing shoot biomass by 45.3% and root biomass by 38.7% compared to the control.”
t0“Hemp”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal NPK combination maintained leaf K+/Na+ above 1.2.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- optimal combinatione0
- Outcome
- K+/Na+ ratio in leavese0
- Direction
- abovee0
- Value
- 1.2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This optimal combination maintains the K+/Na+ ratio in leaves above 1.2 and regulated Ca2+/Mg2+ homeostasis, maintaining a ratio of 2.8–3.2”
t0“Hemp”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal NPK combination maintained Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio at 2.8–3.2.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- optimal combinatione0
- Outcome
- Ca2+/Mg2+ homeostasise0
- Direction
- maintaininge0
- Value
- 2.8–3.2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This optimal combination maintains the K+/Na+ ratio in leaves above 1.2 and regulated Ca2+/Mg2+ homeostasis, maintaining a ratio of 2.8–3.2”
t0“Hemp”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess fertilizer reduced biomass accumulation by 25–30%.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- excessive fertilizer applications (>400 mg·L−1 total nutrients)e0
- Outcome
- biomass accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 25–30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“excessive fertilizer applications (>400 mg·L−1 total nutrients) exacerbated salt injury, reducing biomass accumulation by 25–30% and disrupting ion homeostasis”
t0“Hemp”
Claim · model-written summary
Excess fertilizer worsened salt injury and disrupted ion homeostasis.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativat0
- Treatment
- excessive fertilizer applications (>400 mg·L−1 total nutrients)e0
- Outcome
- salt injurye0
- Direction
- exacerbatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“excessive fertilizer applications (>400 mg·L−1 total nutrients) exacerbated salt injury, reducing biomass accumulation by 25–30% and disrupting ion homeostasis”
t0“Hemp”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · growth · Cannabis sativaResults differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.