Abstract
Antifungal properties of nanoparticles (NPs) of copper oxide (CuO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and silica dioxide (SiO₂) were compared to the fungicide thiophanate-methyl for controlling root rot and wilt of chickpea, caused by, respectively, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Different concentrations (10, 20, or 40 ppm) of the NPs were assessed for their ability to inhibit fungal growth in vitro. All the nanoparticles had antifungal activity, with greatest effects at 40 ppm. CuO NPs at 40 ppm gave 61% reduction for Rhizoctonia rot and 65% reduction for Fusarium wilt. Alterations in the ultrastructure of the fungal mycelia were observed in response to treating with CuO NPs. No differences in in vivo tests were observed between CuO NPs and thiophanate-methyl for reducing root rot or wilt. Applications of CuO NPs also enhanced growth and yield of chickpea plants. CuO NPs had antifungal properties, increased activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in chickpea plants, and increased plant phenol contents. These results indicate that CuO NPs have potential as effective, eco-friendly alternatives to conventional fungicides for controlling of root rot and wilt of chickpea.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
CuO NPs at 40 ppm reduced Rhizoctonia root rot in chickpea by 61%.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Treatment
- CuO NPs at 40 ppme2
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia
.jpg?width=60)
Rhizoctoniae2pathogen - Outcome
- Rhizoctonia rote2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 61%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Metallic oxide nanoparticles enhance chickpea resistance to root rot and wilt”
e2“CuO NPs at 40 ppm gave 61% reduction for Rhizoctonia rot and 65% reduction for Fusarium wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
CuO NPs at 40 ppm reduced Fusarium wilt in chickpea by 65%.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- CuO NPs at 40 ppme2
- Outcome
- Fusarium wilte2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 65%e2
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Metallic oxide nanoparticles enhance chickpea resistance to root rot and wilt”
e2“CuO NPs at 40 ppm gave 61% reduction for Rhizoctonia rot and 65% reduction for Fusarium wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
All the nanoparticles had antifungal activity, with greatest effects at 40 ppm.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- antifungal activitye3
- Qualifier
- with greatest effects at 40 ppme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Metallic oxide nanoparticles enhance chickpea resistance to root rot and wilt”
e3“All the nanoparticles had antifungal activity, with greatest effects at 40 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
CuO NPs gave no difference from thiophanate-methyl in reducing root rot or wilt of chickpea in vivo.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- CuO NPse4
- Outcome
- root rot or wilte4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Comparator
- thiophanate-methyle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Metallic oxide nanoparticles enhance chickpea resistance to root rot and wilt”
e4“No differences in in vivo tests were observed between CuO NPs and thiophanate-methyl for reducing root rot or wilt”
Claim · model-written summary
CuO NPs enhanced growth and yield of chickpea plants.
- Taxon
- chickpea plantsCicer arietinume5
- Treatment
- CuO NPse5
- Outcome
- growth and yielde5
- Direction
- enhancede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Metallic oxide nanoparticles enhance chickpea resistance to root rot and wilt”
e5“Applications of CuO NPs also enhanced growth and yield of chickpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CuO NPs increased peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in chickpea plants.
- Taxon
- chickpea plantsCicer arietinume6
- Treatment
- CuO NPse6
- Outcome
- activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidasee6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Metallic oxide nanoparticles enhance chickpea resistance to root rot and wilt”
e6“CuO NPs had antifungal properties, increased activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in chickpea plants, and increased plant phenol contents”
Claim · model-written summary
CuO NPs increased plant phenol contents in chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpea plantsCicer arietinume6
- Treatment
- CuO NPse6
- Outcome
- plant phenol contentse6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Metallic oxide nanoparticles enhance chickpea resistance to root rot and wilt”
e6“CuO NPs had antifungal properties, increased activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in chickpea plants, and increased plant phenol contents”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that CuO NPs have potential as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional fungicides for chickpea root rot and wilt.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Outcome
- potential as effective, eco-friendly alternatives to conventional fungicidese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Metallic oxide nanoparticles enhance chickpea resistance to root rot and wilt”
e7“CuO NPs have potential as effective, eco-friendly alternatives to conventional fungicides for controlling of root rot and wilt of chickpea”
Claim · model-written summary
CuO NPs altered the ultrastructure of fungal mycelia.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- CuO NPse6
- Outcome
- ultrastructure of the fungal myceliae6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Metallic oxide nanoparticles enhance chickpea resistance to root rot and wilt”
e6“Alterations in the ultrastructure of the fungal mycelia were observed in response to treating with CuO NPs”
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