Abstract
Background. Analyzing photosynthetic processes in a plant makes it possible to opine on the rate of its growth and development. In addition to classical physiological techniques, an interest is currently growing in spectrometry, which provides a realtime opportunity, based in the values of vegetation indices, to find out whether a plant is under stress or not. Materials and methods . Spring bread wheat cvs. ‘Omskaya 42’, ‘Omskaya 44’, and ‘Tarskaya 12’, and spring durum wheat cv. ‘Omsky Korall’ were analyzed in Western Siberia. Seeds were bacterized before sowing with an inoculant of diazotrophs belonging to Arthrobacter mysorens 7 and Flavobacterium sp. Results. Identification of increased plant growth and development rates is possible with the following vegetation indices in the ear emergence phase: TCARI = 27.32, MCARI = 106.4, SPAD = 40.6, CPHLT = 25.02, CPHLB = 14.5, CPHLA = 8.46, and CCI = 27.5, and those in the grain filling phase: CPHLT = 10.4, CPHLB = 7.2, and CPHLA = 4.7. The highest nitrogen-fixing activity level was observed in the rhizosphere of bread wheat cv. ‘Omskaya 42’ and durum wheat cv. ‘Omsky Korall’, amounting to 150.7–322.0 and 140.0–393.0 nM C 2 H 4 /100 g of soil, respectively, with the introduction of Arthrobacter mysorens 7 bacteria, and 149.0–281.0 and 86.2–554.5 nM C 2 H 4 /100 g of soil, respectively, with Flavobacterium sp. Conclusion. Consistently high values of the associative nitrogen fixation process were recorded in the variants involving bacterization of wheat seeds of cvs. ‘Omskaya 42’ and ‘Omsky Korall’ with the stimulating fungicide drugs Mizorin and Flavobacterin. According to the values of the TCARI and SPAD indices, it is possible to opine on the potential nitrogen-fixing activity and the yield of a cultivar.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
In spring wheat in the ear emergence phase, the vegetation index TCARI of 27.32 identifies increased plant growth and development rates.
- Taxon
- spring wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Organ / stage
- ear emergence phasee1
- Outcome
- TCARIe0
- Value
- 27.32e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TCARI = 27.32”
e1“in the ear emergence phase”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In spring wheat in the ear emergence phase, the vegetation index MCARI of 106.4 identifies increased plant growth and development rates.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- ear emergence phasee1
- Outcome
- MCARIe0
- Value
- 106.4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MCARI = 106.4”
e1“in the ear emergence phase”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In spring wheat in the ear emergence phase, the vegetation index SPAD of 40.6 identifies increased plant growth and development rates.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- ear emergence phasee1
- Outcome
- SPADe0
- Value
- 40.6e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SPAD = 40.6”
e1“in the ear emergence phase”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In spring wheat in the ear emergence phase, the vegetation index CPHLT of 25.02 identifies increased plant growth and development rates.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- ear emergence phasee1
- Outcome
- CPHLTe0
- Value
- 25.02e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CPHLT = 25.02”
e1“in the ear emergence phase”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In spring wheat in the ear emergence phase, the vegetation index CPHLB of 14.5 identifies increased plant growth and development rates.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- ear emergence phasee1
- Outcome
- CPHLBe0
- Value
- 14.5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CPHLB = 14.5”
e1“in the ear emergence phase”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In spring wheat in the ear emergence phase, the vegetation index CPHLA of 8.46 identifies increased plant growth and development rates.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- ear emergence phasee1
- Outcome
- CPHLAe0
- Value
- 8.46e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CPHLA = 8.46”
e1“in the ear emergence phase”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In spring wheat in the ear emergence phase, the vegetation index CCI of 27.5 identifies increased plant growth and development rates.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- ear emergence phasee1
- Outcome
- CCIe0
- Value
- 27.5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CCI = 27.5”
e1“in the ear emergence phase”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In spring wheat in the grain filling phase, the vegetation index CPHLT of 10.4 identifies increased plant growth and development rates.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- grain filling phasee1
- Outcome
- CPHLTe0
- Value
- 10.4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CPHLT = 10.4”
e1“in the grain filling phase”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In spring wheat in the grain filling phase, the vegetation index CPHLB of 7.2 identifies increased plant growth and development rates.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- grain filling phasee1
- Outcome
- CPHLBe0
- Value
- 7.2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CPHLB = 7.2”
e1“in the grain filling phase”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In spring wheat in the grain filling phase, the vegetation index CPHLA of 4.7 identifies increased plant growth and development rates.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- grain filling phasee1
- Outcome
- CPHLAe0
- Value
- 4.7e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CPHLA = 4.7”
e1“in the grain filling phase”
t0“spring wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest nitrogen-fixing activity in the rhizosphere of bread wheat cv. Omskaya 42 was 150.7–322.0 nM C2H4/100 g of soil with Arthrobacter mysorens 7 seed bacterization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- bread wheat cv. ‘Omskaya 42’e0
- Organ / stage
- rhizospheree0
- Treatment
- introduction of Arthrobacter mysorens 7 bacteriae0
- Interactor
- Arthrobacter mysorens 7Glutamicibacter mysorense0symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen-fixing activity levele0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 150.7–322.0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest nitrogen-fixing activity level was observed in the rhizosphere of bread wheat cv. ‘Omskaya 42’ and durum wheat cv. ‘Omsky Korall’, amounting to 150.7–322.0 and 140.0–393.0 nM C 2 H 4 /100 g of soil, respectively, with the introduction of Arthrobacter mysorens 7 bacteria”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest nitrogen-fixing activity in the rhizosphere of durum wheat cv. Omsky Korall was 140.0–393.0 nM C2H4/100 g of soil with Arthrobacter mysorens 7 seed bacterization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- durum wheat cv. ‘Omsky Korall’e0
- Organ / stage
- rhizospheree0
- Treatment
- introduction of Arthrobacter mysorens 7 bacteriae0
- Interactor
- Arthrobacter mysorens 7Glutamicibacter mysorense0symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen-fixing activity levele0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 140.0–393.0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest nitrogen-fixing activity level was observed in the rhizosphere of bread wheat cv. ‘Omskaya 42’ and durum wheat cv. ‘Omsky Korall’, amounting to 150.7–322.0 and 140.0–393.0 nM C 2 H 4 /100 g of soil, respectively, with the introduction of Arthrobacter mysorens 7 bacteria”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest nitrogen-fixing activity in the rhizosphere of bread wheat cv. Omskaya 42 was 149.0–281.0 nM C2H4/100 g of soil with Flavobacterium sp. seed bacterization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- bread wheat cv. ‘Omskaya 42’e0
- Organ / stage
- rhizospheree0
- Treatment
- Flavobacterium sp.e1
- Interactor
- Flavobacterium sp.Flavobacteriume1symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen-fixing activity levele0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 149.0–281.0e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest nitrogen-fixing activity level was observed in the rhizosphere of bread wheat cv. ‘Omskaya 42’ and durum wheat cv. ‘Omsky Korall’, amounting to 150.7–322.0 and 140.0–393.0 nM C 2 H 4 /100 g of soil, respectively, with the introduction of Arthrobacter mysorens 7 bacteria”
e1“149.0–281.0 and 86.2–554.5 nM C 2 H 4 /100 g of soil, respectively, with Flavobacterium sp.”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest nitrogen-fixing activity in the rhizosphere of durum wheat cv. Omsky Korall was 86.2–554.5 nM C2H4/100 g of soil with Flavobacterium sp. seed bacterization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- durum wheat cv. ‘Omsky Korall’e0
- Organ / stage
- rhizospheree0
- Treatment
- Flavobacterium sp.e1
- Interactor
- Flavobacterium sp.Flavobacteriume1symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen-fixing activity levele0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 86.2–554.5e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest nitrogen-fixing activity level was observed in the rhizosphere of bread wheat cv. ‘Omskaya 42’ and durum wheat cv. ‘Omsky Korall’, amounting to 150.7–322.0 and 140.0–393.0 nM C 2 H 4 /100 g of soil, respectively, with the introduction of Arthrobacter mysorens 7 bacteria”
e1“149.0–281.0 and 86.2–554.5 nM C 2 H 4 /100 g of soil, respectively, with Flavobacterium sp.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the TCARI and SPAD index values make it possible to judge the potential nitrogen-fixing activity and yield of a wheat cultivar.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- potential nitrogen-fixing activity and the yield of a cultivare0
- Qualifier
- According to the values of the TCARI and SPAD indicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“According to the values of the TCARI and SPAD indices, it is possible to opine on the potential nitrogen-fixing activity and the yield of a cultivar”
t0“spring wheat”