Abstract
This study was conducted during the winter season of 2020–2021 at the Research Farm of the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Plant Sciences, Afghanistan National Agriculture Science & Technology University (ANSTU) in Kandahar, Afghanistan. The experiment evaluated the response of garlic (Allium sativum L.) to different applications of NPK fertilizers and their combinations with farmyard manure (FYM) in terms of growth and yield. The experiment included nine treatments, each occupying an area of 2.25 m², arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Fertilizer treatments included applications of 160:80:80 kg/ha NPK and 140:70:70 kg/ha NPK, along with combinations of these with 10 t/ha and 15 t/ha of FYM. Data analyzed using SAS software revealed that both chemical fertilizers (NPK) and their combinations with FYM significantly influenced growth parameters and yield. The highest plant height (30.02 cm), bulb weight (40.71 g), and average yield (10.69 t/ha) were recorded in treatment T3 (FYM 15 t/ha + 160:80:80 kg/ha NPK). The maximum leaf length (25.19 cm) was observed in treatment T6 (FYM 10 t/ha + 160:80:80 kg/ha NPK). Growth data collected at different intervals (30, 50, 70, 90, and 110 days after sowing) indicated that the maximum leaf length (32.41 cm), number of leaves (8.69), and plant height (40.26 cm) were recorded at 110 days after sowing. Growth and yield parameters were also analyzed across three replications. Among these, replication one (R1) exhibited the best growth parameters, including a leaf length of 25.36 cm, number of leaves of 6.47, and plant height of 30.67 cm. Replication three (R3) showed the highest yield at 9.69 t/ha.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical fertilizers (NPK) and their combinations with FYM significantly influenced garlic growth parameters and yield.
- Taxon
- Garlic
Allium sativumt0 - Material
- G-363t0
- Treatment
- chemical fertilizers (NPK) and their combinations with FYMe1
- Outcome
- growth parameters and yielde1
- Setting
- Kandahar, Afghanistane0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. G-363”
e0“Kandahar, Afghanistan”
e1“both chemical fertilizers (NPK) and their combinations with FYM significantly influenced growth parameters and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment T3 (FYM 15 t/ha + 160:80:80 kg/ha NPK) gave the highest garlic plant height, 30.02 cm.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Material
- G-363t0
- Treatment
- T3 (FYM 15 t/ha + 160:80:80 kg/ha NPK)e2
- Outcome
- plant heighte2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 30.02 cme2
- Setting
- Kandahar, Afghanistane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. G-363”
e0“Kandahar, Afghanistan”
e2“The highest plant height (30.02 cm), bulb weight (40.71 g), and average yield (10.69 t/ha) were recorded in treatment T3 (FYM 15 t/ha + 160:80:80 kg/ha NPK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment T3 (FYM 15 t/ha + 160:80:80 kg/ha NPK) gave the highest garlic bulb weight, 40.71 g.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Material
- G-363t0
- Treatment
- T3 (FYM 15 t/ha + 160:80:80 kg/ha NPK)e2
- Outcome
- bulb weighte2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 40.71 ge2
- Setting
- Kandahar, Afghanistane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. G-363”
e0“Kandahar, Afghanistan”
e2“The highest plant height (30.02 cm), bulb weight (40.71 g), and average yield (10.69 t/ha) were recorded in treatment T3 (FYM 15 t/ha + 160:80:80 kg/ha NPK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment T3 (FYM 15 t/ha + 160:80:80 kg/ha NPK) gave the highest garlic average yield, 10.69 t/ha.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Material
- G-363t0
- Treatment
- T3 (FYM 15 t/ha + 160:80:80 kg/ha NPK)e2
- Outcome
- average yielde2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 10.69 t/hae2
- Setting
- Kandahar, Afghanistane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. G-363”
e0“Kandahar, Afghanistan”
e2“The highest plant height (30.02 cm), bulb weight (40.71 g), and average yield (10.69 t/ha) were recorded in treatment T3 (FYM 15 t/ha + 160:80:80 kg/ha NPK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment T6 (FYM 10 t/ha + 160:80:80 kg/ha NPK) gave the maximum garlic leaf length, 25.19 cm.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Material
- G-363t0
- Treatment
- T6 (FYM 10 t/ha + 160:80:80 kg/ha NPK)e3
- Outcome
- leaf lengthe3
- Direction
- maximume3
- Value
- 25.19 cme3
- Setting
- Kandahar, Afghanistane0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. G-363”
e0“Kandahar, Afghanistan”
e3“The maximum leaf length (25.19 cm) was observed in treatment T6 (FYM 10 t/ha + 160:80:80 kg/ha NPK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic leaf length was at its maximum, 32.41 cm, at 110 days after sowing.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Material
- G-363t0
- Organ / stage
- 110 days after sowinge4
- Outcome
- leaf lengthe4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 32.41 cme4
- Setting
- Kandahar, Afghanistane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. G-363”
e0“Kandahar, Afghanistan”
e4“the maximum leaf length (32.41 cm), number of leaves (8.69), and plant height (40.26 cm) were recorded at 110 days after sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic number of leaves was 8.69 at 110 days after sowing.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Material
- G-363t0
- Organ / stage
- 110 days after sowinge4
- Outcome
- number of leavese4
- Value
- 8.69e4
- Setting
- Kandahar, Afghanistane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. G-363”
e0“Kandahar, Afghanistan”
e4“the maximum leaf length (32.41 cm), number of leaves (8.69), and plant height (40.26 cm) were recorded at 110 days after sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic plant height was 40.26 cm at 110 days after sowing.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Material
- G-363t0
- Organ / stage
- 110 days after sowinge4
- Outcome
- plant heighte4
- Value
- 40.26 cme4
- Setting
- Kandahar, Afghanistane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. G-363”
e0“Kandahar, Afghanistan”
e4“the maximum leaf length (32.41 cm), number of leaves (8.69), and plant height (40.26 cm) were recorded at 110 days after sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Replication one (R1) had the best garlic leaf length, 25.36 cm.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Material
- G-363t0
- Outcome
- leaf lengthe5
- Direction
- beste5
- Value
- 25.36 cme5
- Qualifier
- replication one (R1)e5
- Setting
- Kandahar, Afghanistane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. G-363”
e0“Kandahar, Afghanistan”
e5“replication one (R1) exhibited the best growth parameters, including a leaf length of 25.36 cm, number of leaves of 6.47, and plant height of 30.67 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
Replication one (R1) had the best garlic number of leaves, 6.47.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Material
- G-363t0
- Outcome
- number of leavese5
- Direction
- beste5
- Value
- 6.47e5
- Qualifier
- replication one (R1)e5
- Setting
- Kandahar, Afghanistane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. G-363”
e0“Kandahar, Afghanistan”
e5“replication one (R1) exhibited the best growth parameters, including a leaf length of 25.36 cm, number of leaves of 6.47, and plant height of 30.67 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
Replication one (R1) had the best garlic plant height, 30.67 cm.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Material
- G-363t0
- Outcome
- plant heighte5
- Direction
- beste5
- Value
- 30.67 cme5
- Qualifier
- replication one (R1)e5
- Setting
- Kandahar, Afghanistane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. G-363”
e0“Kandahar, Afghanistan”
e5“replication one (R1) exhibited the best growth parameters, including a leaf length of 25.36 cm, number of leaves of 6.47, and plant height of 30.67 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
Replication three (R3) had the highest garlic yield, 9.69 t/ha.
- Taxon
- GarlicAllium sativumt0
- Material
- G-363t0
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Value
- 9.69 t/hae6
- Qualifier
- Replication three (R3)e6
- Setting
- Kandahar, Afghanistane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. G-363”
e0“Kandahar, Afghanistan”
e6“Replication three (R3) showed the highest yield at 9.69 t/ha”
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