Abstract
Abstract As mid-southern U.S. rice producers continue to adopt furrow-irrigated rice production practices, supplementary management efforts will be vital in combating Palmer amaranth due to the extended germination period provided by the lack of a continual flood. Previous research has revealed the ability of cover crops to suppress Palmer amaranth emergence in corn, cotton, and soybean production systems; however, research on cover crop weed control efficacy in rice production is scarce. Therefore, trials were initiated in Arkansas in 2022 and 2023 to evaluate the effect of cover crops across five site-years on rice emergence, groundcover, grain yield, and total Palmer amaranth emergence. The cover crops evaluated were cereal rye, winter wheat, Austrian winterpea, and hairy vetch. Cover crop biomass accumulation varied by site-year, ranging from 430 to 3,440 kg ha −1 , with cereal rye generally being the most consistent producer of high-quantity biomass across site-years. Rice growth and development were generally unaffected by cover crop establishment; however, all cover crops reduced rice emergence by up to 30% in one site-year. Rice groundcover was reduced by 13% from cereal rye in one site-year 2 wk before heading but cover crops did not affect rough rice grain yield in any of the site-years. Palmer amaranth emergence was reduced by 19% and 35% with cereal rye relative to the absence of a cover crop when rice was planted in April in Marianna, and May in Fayetteville, respectively. In most trials, Palmer amaranth emergence was not reduced by a cereal cover crop. In most instances, legume cover crops resulted in less Palmer amaranth emergence than without a cover crop. Based on these results, legume cover crops appear to provide some suppression of Palmer amaranth emergence in furrow-irrigated rice while having a minimal effect on rice establishment and yield.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crop biomass ranged from 430 to 3,440 kg ha −1 across sites, with cereal rye generally producing the most consistent high biomass.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Outcome
- Cover crop biomass accumulatione0
- Value
- 430 to 3,440 kg ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cover crop biomass accumulation varied by site-year, ranging from 430 to 3,440 kg ha −1 , with cereal rye generally being the most consistent producer of high-quantity biomass across site-years”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
All cover crops reduced rice emergence by up to 30% in one site-year.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- all cover cropse0
- Outcome
- rice emergencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- up to 30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all cover crops reduced rice emergence by up to 30% in one site-year”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cereal rye reduced rice groundcover by 13% in one site-year two weeks before heading.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice groundcover was reduced by 13% from cereal rye in one site-year 2 wk before heading”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops did not affect rough rice grain yield in any site-year.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- cover cropse0
- Outcome
- rough rice grain yielde0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cover crops did not affect rough rice grain yield in any of the site-years”
Claim · model-written summary
Cereal rye reduced Palmer amaranth emergence by 19% relative to no cover crop for April planted rice at Marianna.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- cereal ryee0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth emergencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 19%e0
- Comparator
- absence of a cover crope0
- Setting
- Mariannae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Palmer amaranth emergence was reduced by 19% and 35% with cereal rye relative to the absence of a cover crop when rice was planted in April in Marianna, and May in Fayetteville, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Cereal rye reduced Palmer amaranth emergence by 35% relative to no cover crop for May planted rice at Fayetteville.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- cereal ryee0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth emergencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 35%e0
- Comparator
- absence of a cover crope0
- Setting
- Fayettevillee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Palmer amaranth emergence was reduced by 19% and 35% with cereal rye relative to the absence of a cover crop when rice was planted in April in Marianna, and May in Fayetteville, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
In most trials a cereal cover crop did not reduce Palmer amaranth emergence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- a cereal cover crope0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth emergencee0
- Direction
- not reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In most trials, Palmer amaranth emergence was not reduced by a cereal cover crop”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Legume cover crops generally produced less Palmer amaranth emergence than no cover crop.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- legume cover cropse0
- Interactor
- Palmer amaranthe0weed
- Outcome
- Palmer amaranth emergencee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- without a cover crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In most instances, legume cover crops resulted in less Palmer amaranth emergence than without a cover crop”
t0“rice”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.