Abstract
Terminalia mantaly, a plant indigenous to Africa, is recognized for its medicinal benefits. This research was conducted to assess the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, antibacterial effectiveness, and toxicological properties of the methanolic extract from Terminalia mantaly leaves. Phytochemical analysis was performed using standard qualitative methods. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion technique. The antioxidant capability of the extract was measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, tannins, steroids, triterpenes, and phenols in the extract. The extract demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 6.837 µg/mL, though this was lower than that of ascorbic acid (0.01 µg/mL). The antibacterial assays showed that the extract was effective against clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) ranging from 7.8125 to 15.625 mg/mL. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified functional groups such as alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and ketones, which correspond to various secondary metabolites. Additionally, the extract exhibited significant toxicity against brine shrimp larvae, suggesting its potential use as a natural insecticide. Overall, the results indicated that Terminalia mantaly leaves contain valuable phytochemicals with notable antioxidant, antibacterial, and toxicological properties, meriting further exploration for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of Terminalia mantaly against the tested clinical isolates.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, tannins, steroids, triterpenes and phenols in Terminalia mantaly leaf extract.
- Taxon
- Terminalia mantaly
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Terminalia mantalye0 - Outcome
- presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, tannins, steroids, triterpenes, and phenolse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Terminalia mantaly, a plant indigenous to Africa”
e1“Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, tannins, steroids, triterpenes, and phenols in the extract”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaf extract demonstrated strong antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- Terminalia mantalyTerminalia mantalye0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye2
- Qualifier
- stronge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminalia mantaly, a plant indigenous to Africa”
e2“The extract demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 6.837 µg/mL”
Claim · model-written summary
The extract IC50 of 6.837 µg/mL was lower than that of ascorbic acid.
- Taxon
- Terminalia mantalyTerminalia mantalye0
- Outcome
- IC50 valuee2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Value
- 6.837 µg/mLe2
- Qualifier
- 0.01 µg/mLe2
- Comparator
- ascorbic acide2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminalia mantaly, a plant indigenous to Africa”
e2“The extract demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 6.837 µg/mL, though this was lower than that of ascorbic acid (0.01 µg/mL)”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaf extract was effective against clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi.
- Taxon
- Terminalia mantalyTerminalia mantalye0
- Interactor
- Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureuse3pathogen - Second interactor
- Escherichia coli
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Escherichia colie3pathogen - Outcome
- effective against clinical strainse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Terminalia mantaly, a plant indigenous to Africa”
e3“The antibacterial assays showed that the extract was effective against clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the leaf extract ranged from 7.8125 to 15.625 mg/mL.
- Taxon
- Terminalia mantalyTerminalia mantalye0
- Outcome
- minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs)e4
- Value
- 7.8125 to 15.625 mg/mLe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminalia mantaly, a plant indigenous to Africa”
e4“with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) ranging from 7.8125 to 15.625 mg/mL”
Claim · model-written summary
FTIR spectroscopy identified functional groups of alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones in the leaf extract.
- Taxon
- Terminalia mantalyTerminalia mantalye0
- Outcome
- functional groups such as alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and ketonese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminalia mantaly, a plant indigenous to Africa”
e5“Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy identified functional groups such as alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and ketones”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaf extract showed significant toxicity against brine shrimp larvae.
- Taxon
- Terminalia mantalyTerminalia mantalye0
- Interactor
- brine shrimp larvaee6other
- Outcome
- toxicity against brine shrimp larvaee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Terminalia mantaly, a plant indigenous to Africa”
e6“the extract exhibited significant toxicity against brine shrimp larvae”