Abstract
Grapes ( Vitis vinifera ) are a vital economic crop worldwide but are severely threatened by soil salinization and alkalization. While extracellular polysaccharides are known to improve soil conditions, it remains unclear how rhizosphere microorganisms that can produce extracellular polysaccharides enhance the tolerance of plants to salt-alkali conditions. This study selected Bacillus subtilis B4 and Pseudomonas resinovorans B9 based on their high levels of production of extracellular polysaccharides and subjected them to pot and field experiments. Our results demonstrated that both strains significantly promoted the growth of grape shoots, reduced the salinity of soil, and increased the levels of phosphorus and potassium in both the plants and soil. Compared to traditional B. subtilis , B9 performed better, and this was further enhanced when the strain was co-applied with biochar. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was used to show that the combination of bacteria and biochar reshaped the native rhizosphere microbial community, altered its functional abundances, and improved the properties of soil, thus, ultimately promoting plant growth and enhancing salt-alkali tolerance. This study expands the microbial species available to improve the tolerance of grape to salt and ameliorate the saline-alkaline soils, thus, providing a theoretical basis for the combined application of microbial inoculants and biochar. • Microorganisms and biochar improved the physicochemical properties of the soil and promoted plant growth. • Microbial inoculants and biochar can reconstruct rhizosphere microbial communities. • The single-factor microbial network showed an increase in positive correlations. • The combined application of microbial inoculants and biochar is more effective than their individual application.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis B4 significantly promoted grape shoot growth.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilis B4e1
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilis B4
Bacillus subtilise1symbiont - Outcome
- growth of grape shootse2
- Direction
- promotede2
- Setting
- pot and field experimentse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“promotes grape growth”
e1“This study selected Bacillus subtilis B4 and Pseudomonas resinovorans B9 based on their high levels of production of extracellular polysaccharides and subjected them to pot and field experiments”
e2“Our results demonstrated that both strains significantly promoted the growth of grape shoots, reduced the salinity of soil, and increased the levels of phosphorus and potassium in both the plants and soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas resinovorans B9 significantly promoted grape shoot growth.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas resinovorans B9e1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas resinovorans B9Metapseudomonas resinovoranse1symbiont
- Outcome
- growth of grape shootse2
- Direction
- promotede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“promotes grape growth”
e1“This study selected Bacillus subtilis B4 and Pseudomonas resinovorans B9 based on their high levels of production of extracellular polysaccharides and subjected them to pot and field experiments”
e2“Our results demonstrated that both strains significantly promoted the growth of grape shoots, reduced the salinity of soil, and increased the levels of phosphorus and potassium in both the plants and soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis B4 reduced soil salinity.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilis B4e1
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilis B4Bacillus subtilise1symbiont
- Outcome
- salinity of soile2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“promotes grape growth”
e1“This study selected Bacillus subtilis B4 and Pseudomonas resinovorans B9 based on their high levels of production of extracellular polysaccharides and subjected them to pot and field experiments”
e2“Our results demonstrated that both strains significantly promoted the growth of grape shoots, reduced the salinity of soil, and increased the levels of phosphorus and potassium in both the plants and soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas resinovorans B9 reduced soil salinity.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas resinovorans B9e1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas resinovorans B9Metapseudomonas resinovoranse1symbiont
- Outcome
- salinity of soile2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“promotes grape growth”
e1“This study selected Bacillus subtilis B4 and Pseudomonas resinovorans B9 based on their high levels of production of extracellular polysaccharides and subjected them to pot and field experiments”
e2“Our results demonstrated that both strains significantly promoted the growth of grape shoots, reduced the salinity of soil, and increased the levels of phosphorus and potassium in both the plants and soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis B4 increased phosphorus and potassium levels in plants and soil.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Organ / stage
- plants and soile2
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilis B4e1
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilis B4Bacillus subtilise1symbiont
- Outcome
- levels of phosphorus and potassiume2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“promotes grape growth”
e1“This study selected Bacillus subtilis B4 and Pseudomonas resinovorans B9 based on their high levels of production of extracellular polysaccharides and subjected them to pot and field experiments”
e2“Our results demonstrated that both strains significantly promoted the growth of grape shoots, reduced the salinity of soil, and increased the levels of phosphorus and potassium in both the plants and soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas resinovorans B9 increased phosphorus and potassium levels in plants and soil.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Organ / stage
- plants and soile2
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas resinovorans B9e1
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas resinovorans B9Metapseudomonas resinovoranse1symbiont
- Outcome
- levels of phosphorus and potassiume2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“promotes grape growth”
e1“This study selected Bacillus subtilis B4 and Pseudomonas resinovorans B9 based on their high levels of production of extracellular polysaccharides and subjected them to pot and field experiments”
e2“Our results demonstrated that both strains significantly promoted the growth of grape shoots, reduced the salinity of soil, and increased the levels of phosphorus and potassium in both the plants and soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas resinovorans B9 performed better than traditional Bacillus subtilis.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- B9e3
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas resinovorans B9Metapseudomonas resinovoranse1symbiont
- Second interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise3symbiont
- Outcome
- performed bettere3
- Direction
- bettere3
- Comparator
- B. subtilise3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“promotes grape growth”
e1“This study selected Bacillus subtilis B4 and Pseudomonas resinovorans B9 based on their high levels of production of extracellular polysaccharides and subjected them to pot and field experiments”
e3“Compared to traditional B. subtilis , B9 performed better, and this was further enhanced when the strain was co-applied with biochar”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-application of B9 with biochar further enhanced its performance.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- co-applied with biochare3
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas resinovorans B9Metapseudomonas resinovoranse1symbiont
- Outcome
- performed bettere3
- Direction
- further enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“promotes grape growth”
e1“This study selected Bacillus subtilis B4 and Pseudomonas resinovorans B9 based on their high levels of production of extracellular polysaccharides and subjected them to pot and field experiments”
e3“Compared to traditional B. subtilis , B9 performed better, and this was further enhanced when the strain was co-applied with biochar”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacteria and biochar reshaped the native rhizosphere microbial community.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- combination of bacteria and biochare4
- Outcome
- native rhizosphere microbial communitye4
- Qualifier
- reshapede4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“promotes grape growth”
e4“the combination of bacteria and biochar reshaped the native rhizosphere microbial community, altered its functional abundances, and improved the properties of soil, thus, ultimately promoting plant growth and enhancing salt-alkali tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacteria and biochar altered the functional abundances of the rhizosphere microbial community.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- combination of bacteria and biochare4
- Outcome
- functional abundancese4
- Qualifier
- alterede4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“promotes grape growth”
e4“the combination of bacteria and biochar reshaped the native rhizosphere microbial community, altered its functional abundances, and improved the properties of soil, thus, ultimately promoting plant growth and enhancing salt-alkali tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacteria and biochar improved soil properties.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- combination of bacteria and biochare4
- Outcome
- properties of soile4
- Direction
- improvede4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“promotes grape growth”
e4“the combination of bacteria and biochar reshaped the native rhizosphere microbial community, altered its functional abundances, and improved the properties of soil, thus, ultimately promoting plant growth and enhancing salt-alkali tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacteria and biochar promoted plant growth.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“promotes grape growth”
e4“the combination of bacteria and biochar reshaped the native rhizosphere microbial community, altered its functional abundances, and improved the properties of soil, thus, ultimately promoting plant growth and enhancing salt-alkali tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined bacteria and biochar enhanced salt-alkali tolerance.
- Taxon
- grapet0
- Treatment
- combination of bacteria and biochare4
- Outcome
- salt-alkali tolerancee4
- Direction
- enhancinge4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“promotes grape growth”
e4“the combination of bacteria and biochar reshaped the native rhizosphere microbial community, altered its functional abundances, and improved the properties of soil, thus, ultimately promoting plant growth and enhancing salt-alkali tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined application of microbial inoculants and biochar was more effective than their individual application.
Verbatim
t0“promotes grape growth”
e5“The combined application of microbial inoculants and biochar is more effective than their individual application”
Claim · model-written summary
The single-factor microbial network showed an increase in positive correlations.
Verbatim
t0“promotes grape growth”
e6“The single-factor microbial network showed an increase in positive correlations”
The same questions in other papers
Bacillus subtilis · growth · VitisResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
inoculation · growth · VitisPositive and negative results
27 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
42 papers more in this group
See all 46 papers →inoculation · disease · VitisPositive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 48 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
63 papers more in this group
See all 67 papers →biochar · disease · VitisResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
biochar · growth · VitisResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.