Abstract
Abstract Adopting sustainable agricultural practices is considered as an effective strategy to mitigate climate change and to improve soil health and crop production.This study aims to assess the impact of tillage systems (no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT)), crop rotation (faba beans - oat and faba beans - durum wheat) and nitrogen fertilization rates (0, 20 and 40 kg N.ha −1 ) on soil properties and growth and yield of fenugreek. Soil samples were collected at two stages: at the 50% blossoming stage and after harvest and fenugreek quality and yield and its components were measured.The results showed that tillage systems and crop rotation treatments had great influence on soil properties. In general, the highest soil organic carbon (SOC) (13.4 and 14.2 g.kg −1 ), total nitrogen (1.0 and 1.1 g.kg −1 ), nitric nitrogen (75.73 and 62.42 mg.kg −1 ), ammonium-nitrogen (14.90 and 19.08 mg.kg −1 ). were recorded in no tillage practice with durum as a previous crop at 50% blossoming and harvest stage respectively. Exception for SOC, the highest nitrogen fertilization rate improved most of soil variables at both growth stages. Greater biomass and grain protein content were obtained under NT system and 40 kg N.ha −1 . Previous crops had no effect on grain protein content. Also, there was a significant synergy among soil fertility and fenugreek production. Conservation tillage, durum wheat previous crop and highest nitrogen fertilization rate gave the best aboveground biomass, yield and yield attributes performances. Overall, NT associated with durum wheat as a previous crop and nitrogen fertilization (40 kg N.ha −1 ) are the suitable combination to improve both soil quality, and fenugreek yield.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage after durum produced the highest soil organic carbon at blossoming and harvest.
- Taxon
- fenugreek
Trigonella foenum-graecumt0 - Treatment
- no tillage practice with durum as a previous crope1
- Outcome
- soil organic carbon (SOC)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 13.4 and 14.2 g.kg −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest soil organic carbon (SOC) (13.4 and 14.2 g.kg −1 )”
t0“fenugreek”
e1“no tillage practice with durum as a previous crop at 50% blossoming and harvest stage respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage after durum produced the highest total soil nitrogen at blossoming and harvest.
- Taxon
- fenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Treatment
- no tillage practice with durum as a previous crope1
- Outcome
- total nitrogene0
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 1.0 and 1.1 g.kg −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total nitrogen (1.0 and 1.1 g.kg −1 )”
t0“fenugreek”
e1“no tillage practice with durum as a previous crop at 50% blossoming and harvest stage respectively”
e2“highest soil organic carbon (SOC) (13.4 and 14.2 g.kg −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage after durum produced the highest nitric soil nitrogen at blossoming and harvest.
- Taxon
- fenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Treatment
- no tillage practice with durum as a previous crope1
- Outcome
- nitric nitrogene0
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 75.73 and 62.42 mg.kg −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitric nitrogen (75.73 and 62.42 mg.kg −1 )”
t0“fenugreek”
e1“no tillage practice with durum as a previous crop at 50% blossoming and harvest stage respectively”
e2“highest soil organic carbon (SOC) (13.4 and 14.2 g.kg −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage after durum produced the highest ammonium soil nitrogen at blossoming and harvest.
- Taxon
- fenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Treatment
- no tillage practice with durum as a previous crope1
- Outcome
- ammonium-nitrogene0
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 14.90 and 19.08 mg.kg −1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ammonium-nitrogen (14.90 and 19.08 mg.kg −1 )”
t0“fenugreek”
e1“no tillage practice with durum as a previous crop at 50% blossoming and harvest stage respectively”
e2“highest soil organic carbon (SOC) (13.4 and 14.2 g.kg −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest nitrogen rate improved most soil variables except organic carbon at both stages.
- Taxon
- fenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Treatment
- highest nitrogen fertilization ratee0
- Outcome
- soil variablese0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- Exception for SOCe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exception for SOC, the highest nitrogen fertilization rate improved most of soil variables at both growth stages”
t0“fenugreek”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage with 40 kg N.ha−1 increased fenugreek biomass.
- Taxon
- fenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Treatment
- NT system and 40 kg N.ha −1e0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- Greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greater biomass and grain protein content were obtained under NT system and 40 kg N.ha −1”
t0“fenugreek”
Claim · model-written summary
No tillage with 40 kg N.ha−1 increased fenugreek grain protein content.
- Taxon
- fenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Treatment
- NT system and 40 kg N.ha −1e0
- Outcome
- grain protein contente0
- Direction
- Greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Greater biomass and grain protein content were obtained under NT system and 40 kg N.ha −1”
t0“fenugreek”
Claim · model-written summary
Previous crops had no effect on fenugreek grain protein content.
- Taxon
- fenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Treatment
- Previous cropse0
- Outcome
- grain protein contente0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Previous crops had no effect on grain protein content”
t0“fenugreek”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fertility and fenugreek production had a significant positive relationship.
- Taxon
- fenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecume0
- Outcome
- fenugreek productione0
- Setting
- soil fertilitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was a significant synergy among soil fertility and fenugreek production”
t0“fenugreek”
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation tillage with durum as the prior crop and the highest nitrogen rate gave the best aboveground biomass.
- Taxon
- fenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Treatment
- Conservation tillage, durum wheat previous crop and highest nitrogen fertilization ratee0
- Outcome
- aboveground biomasse0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conservation tillage, durum wheat previous crop and highest nitrogen fertilization rate gave the best aboveground biomass, yield and yield attributes performances”
t0“fenugreek”
Claim · model-written summary
The same treatment combination gave the best fenugreek yield and yield attributes.
- Taxon
- fenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecumt0
- Treatment
- Conservation tillage, durum wheat previous crop and highest nitrogen fertilization ratee0
- Outcome
- yield and yield attributese0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conservation tillage, durum wheat previous crop and highest nitrogen fertilization rate gave the best aboveground biomass, yield and yield attributes performances”
t0“fenugreek”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend no tillage after durum wheat with 40 kg N.ha−1 to improve soil quality and fenugreek yield.
- Taxon
- fenugreekTrigonella foenum-graecume0
- Outcome
- NT associated with durum wheat as a previous crop and nitrogen fertilization (40 kg N.ha −1 )e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NT associated with durum wheat as a previous crop and nitrogen fertilization (40 kg N.ha −1 ) are the suitable combination to improve both soil quality, and fenugreek yield”
t0“fenugreek”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.