Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hemarthria compressa, a widely cultivated forage grass, is critical for supporting livestock production and maintaining the ecological balance in grassland ecosystems. Enhancing its stress resistance and productivity is crucial for sustainable grassland utilization and development. Silicon (Si) and Selenium (Se) are recognized as beneficial nutrients that promote plant growth and stress tolerance, and modulate of plant-microorganism interactions. However, the intricate linkages between the endophytes shifts and host grass growth induced by Si/Se amendments are poorly understood. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of foliar-applied Si/Se on the growth and nutritional quality of H. compressa grass, as well as the composition, diversity and potential functions of endophytic bacteria in leaves. RESULTS: . Furthermore, Si/Se amendments altered the structure of the leaf endophytic bacterial community, resulting in an increased alpha diversity and a more modularized co-occurrence network. Moreover, both Si and Se treatments enriched plant growth-promoting bacterial genera such as Brevundimonas and Truepera. Metabolic function analysis revealed that Si application promoted chlorophyllide biosynthesis by 152%, several carbon metabolism pathways by 35-152%, and redox-related pathways by 57-93%, while the starch biosynthesis pathway was downregulated by 79% of the endophytic bacterial community. In contrast, Se application mainly enhanced starch degradation, CMP-legionamine biosynthesis by 71% and TCA cycle-related pathways by 23-58%, while reducing L-threonine metabolism by 98%. These specific functional changes in the endophytic bacteria induced by Si/Se amendments were closely linked with the observed growth promotion and stress resistance of the host H. compressa grass. CONCLUSIONS: Si and Se amendments not only enhanced the growth and nutritional quality of H. compressa grass, but also altered the community structure and functional traits of endophytic bacteria in grass. The enrichment of beneficial endophytes and the modification of community metabolic functions within the endophytic community may play important synergistic effects on improving grass growth.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Si and Se enhanced H. compressa growth and nutritional quality.
- Taxon
- H. compressa
Hemarthria compressae0 - Treatment
- Si and Se amendmentse0
- Outcome
- growth and nutritional qualitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si and Se amendments not only enhanced the growth and nutritional quality of H. compressa grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Si and Se altered leaf endophytic community structure and increased alpha diversity.
- Taxon
- Hemarthria compressaHemarthria compressae1
- Treatment
- Si/Se amendmentse0
- Interactor
- endophytic bacterial communitye0symbiont
- Outcome
- alpha diversitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si/Se amendments altered the structure of the leaf endophytic bacterial community, resulting in an increased alpha diversity”
e1“Hemarthria compressa”
Claim · model-written summary
Si and Se made the endophyte co-occurrence network more modular.
- Taxon
- Hemarthria compressaHemarthria compressae2
- Treatment
- Si/Se amendmentse1
- Interactor
- endophytic bacterial communitye1symbiont
- Outcome
- co-occurrence networke0
- Direction
- more modularizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a more modularized co-occurrence network”
e1“Si/Se amendments altered the structure of the leaf endophytic bacterial community”
e2“Hemarthria compressa”
Claim · model-written summary
Si and Se enriched Brevundimonas and Truepera.
- Taxon
- Hemarthria compressaHemarthria compressae1
- Treatment
- Si and Se treatmentse0
- Interactor
- BrevundimonasBrevundimonase0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growth-promoting bacterial generae0
- Direction
- enrichede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both Si and Se treatments enriched plant growth-promoting bacterial genera such as Brevundimonas and Truepera”
e1“Hemarthria compressa”
Claim · model-written summary
Si promoted endophyte chlorophyllide biosynthesis by 152%.
- Taxon
- Hemarthria compressaHemarthria compressae2
- Treatment
- Si applicatione0
- Interactor
- endophytic bacterial communitye1symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyllide biosynthesise0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Value
- 152%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Si application promoted chlorophyllide biosynthesis by 152%”
e1“starch biosynthesis pathway was downregulated by 79% of the endophytic bacterial community”
e2“Hemarthria compressa”
Claim · model-written summary
Si promoted endophyte carbon metabolism pathways by 35-152%.
- Taxon
- Hemarthria compressaHemarthria compressae3
- Treatment
- Si applicatione1
- Interactor
- endophytic bacterial communitye2symbiont
- Outcome
- carbon metabolism pathwayse0
- Direction
- promotede1
- Value
- 35-152%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“several carbon metabolism pathways by 35-152%”
e1“Si application promoted chlorophyllide biosynthesis”
e2“starch biosynthesis pathway was downregulated by 79% of the endophytic bacterial community”
e3“Hemarthria compressa”
Claim · model-written summary
Si promoted endophyte redox pathways by 57-93%.
- Taxon
- Hemarthria compressaHemarthria compressae3
- Treatment
- Si applicatione1
- Interactor
- endophytic bacterial communitye2symbiont
- Outcome
- redox-related pathwayse0
- Direction
- promotede1
- Value
- 57-93%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“redox-related pathways by 57-93%”
e1“Si application promoted chlorophyllide biosynthesis”
e2“starch biosynthesis pathway was downregulated by 79% of the endophytic bacterial community”
e3“Hemarthria compressa”
Claim · model-written summary
Si downregulated endophyte starch biosynthesis by 79%.
- Taxon
- Hemarthria compressaHemarthria compressae2
- Treatment
- Si applicatione1
- Interactor
- endophytic bacterial communitye0symbiont
- Outcome
- starch biosynthesis pathwaye0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
- Value
- 79%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the starch biosynthesis pathway was downregulated by 79% of the endophytic bacterial community”
e1“Si application promoted chlorophyllide biosynthesis”
e2“Hemarthria compressa”
Claim · model-written summary
Se enhanced endophyte starch degradation.
- Taxon
- Hemarthria compressaHemarthria compressae2
- Treatment
- Se applicatione0
- Interactor
- endophytic bacterial communitye1symbiont
- Outcome
- starch degradatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se application mainly enhanced starch degradation”
e1“starch biosynthesis pathway was downregulated by 79% of the endophytic bacterial community”
e2“Hemarthria compressa”
Claim · model-written summary
Se enhanced endophyte CMP-legionamine biosynthesis by 71%.
- Taxon
- Hemarthria compressaHemarthria compressae2
- Treatment
- Se applicatione0
- Interactor
- endophytic bacterial communitye1symbiont
- Outcome
- CMP-legionamine biosynthesise0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 71%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se application mainly enhanced starch degradation, CMP-legionamine biosynthesis by 71%”
e1“starch biosynthesis pathway was downregulated by 79% of the endophytic bacterial community”
e2“Hemarthria compressa”
Claim · model-written summary
Se enhanced endophyte TCA cycle pathways by 23-58%.
- Taxon
- Hemarthria compressaHemarthria compressae2
- Treatment
- Se applicatione0
- Interactor
- endophytic bacterial communitye1symbiont
- Outcome
- TCA cycle-related pathwayse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 23-58%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se application mainly enhanced starch degradation, CMP-legionamine biosynthesis by 71% and TCA cycle-related pathways by 23-58%”
e1“starch biosynthesis pathway was downregulated by 79% of the endophytic bacterial community”
e2“Hemarthria compressa”
Claim · model-written summary
Se reduced endophyte L-threonine metabolism by 98%.
- Taxon
- Hemarthria compressaHemarthria compressae3
- Treatment
- Se applicatione1
- Interactor
- endophytic bacterial communitye2symbiont
- Outcome
- L-threonine metabolisme0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 98%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reducing L-threonine metabolism by 98%”
e1“Se application mainly enhanced starch degradation”
e2“starch biosynthesis pathway was downregulated by 79% of the endophytic bacterial community”
e3“Hemarthria compressa”
Claim · model-written summary
Endophyte functional changes were closely linked with host growth promotion and stress resistance.
- Taxon
- H. compressaHemarthria compressae0
- Interactor
- endophytic bacteriae0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth promotion and stress resistancee0
- Qualifier
- functional changese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These specific functional changes in the endophytic bacteria induced by Si/Se amendments were closely linked with the observed growth promotion and stress resistance of the host H. compressa grass”