Abstract
ABSTRACT A detailed insight on global yield change of crops, soil quality parameters, and water‐nutrient‐energy nexus and biotic factors under conservation tillage (CT) in comparison to conventional tillage (CONT) is limited. We summarized the impacts of CT on yields, profitability, soil quality, and ecosystem sustainability in comparison to CONT. Globally, average yields of crops increased by 3.7% ( p < 0.05) with adoption of CT (> 3 years) compared to CONT. The CT has led to a significant improvement in crop productivity in North America (+6.2%) and Australia/Oceania (+21.4%) over CONT. Similarly, positive changes in yields with CT, although nonsignificant, were noted in Asia, South America, Europe, and Africa. The CT significantly increased the yields (+4.0%) of cereal crops. Among the crops, yield increase under CT was the highest for sorghum (110.1%) and lowest for soybean (1.3%). Adoption of CT for > 10 years (11–20 years) could increase yields of crops up to 6%–18%. Notably, CT resulted in improved soil aggregation with greater proportion of macroaggregates (+40%), soil organic carbon (+19.1%), and microbial biomass carbon (+44%) across diverse ecologies over CONT. Despite higher emissions of nitrous oxide, the net global warming potential was consistently lower in CT‐based systems than CONT. The CT could result in 25% increase in mean grain yield of crops with 22% higher net returns and 27% energy saving across regions than CONT. The CA can reduce soil bulk density (by 6.2%), increase aggregate stability (by 30%), and enhance infiltration rate (by 53%) as compared with CONT over a large agro‐ecologies.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Conservation tillage over three years increased global crop yields by 3.7%.
Verbatim
e0“Globally, average yields of crops increased by 3.7% ( p < 0.05) with adoption of CT (> 3 years) compared to CONT”
Claim · model-written summary
CT raised crop productivity in North America by 6.2%.
Verbatim
e0“The CT has led to a significant improvement in crop productivity in North America (+6.2%) and Australia/Oceania (+21.4%) over CONT”
e1“Globally, average yields of crops increased by 3.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
CT raised crop productivity in Australia/Oceania by 21.4%.
Verbatim
e0“The CT has led to a significant improvement in crop productivity in North America (+6.2%) and Australia/Oceania (+21.4%) over CONT”
e1“Globally, average yields of crops increased by 3.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
CT produced nonsignificant positive yield changes in Asia, South America, Europe and Africa.
- Taxon
- cropse1
- Treatment
- CTe0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- positive changese0
- Setting
- Asia, South America, Europe, and Africae0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“positive changes in yields with CT, although nonsignificant, were noted in Asia, South America, Europe, and Africa”
e1“Globally, average yields of crops increased by 3.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
CT increased cereal crop yields by 4.0%.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The CT significantly increased the yields (+4.0%) of cereal crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum had the highest yield increase under CT, 110.1%.
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield increase under CT was the highest for sorghum (110.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean had the lowest yield increase under CT, 1.3%.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Conservation Tillaget0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 1.3%e0
Not reportedComparatorOutcome
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and lowest for soybean (1.3%)”
t0“Conservation Tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
CT for 11–20 years could increase crop yields by 6%–18%.
- Taxon
- cropse0
- Treatment
- CT for > 10 years (11–20 years)e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 6%–18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Adoption of CT for > 10 years (11–20 years) could increase yields of crops up to 6%–18%”
Claim · model-written summary
CT increased the proportion of soil macroaggregates by 40%.
Verbatim
e0“CT resulted in improved soil aggregation with greater proportion of macroaggregates (+40%), soil organic carbon (+19.1%), and microbial biomass carbon (+44%) across diverse ecologies over CONT”
e1“Globally, average yields of crops increased by 3.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
CT increased soil organic carbon by 19.1%.
Verbatim
e0“CT resulted in improved soil aggregation with greater proportion of macroaggregates (+40%), soil organic carbon (+19.1%), and microbial biomass carbon (+44%) across diverse ecologies over CONT”
e1“Globally, average yields of crops increased by 3.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
CT increased microbial biomass carbon by 44%.
Verbatim
e0“CT resulted in improved soil aggregation with greater proportion of macroaggregates (+40%), soil organic carbon (+19.1%), and microbial biomass carbon (+44%) across diverse ecologies over CONT”
e1“Globally, average yields of crops increased by 3.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
CT had higher nitrous oxide emissions.
Verbatim
e0“Despite higher emissions of nitrous oxide, the net global warming potential was consistently lower in CT‐based systems than CONT”
e1“Globally, average yields of crops increased by 3.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
CT had lower net global warming potential than CONT.
Verbatim
e0“the net global warming potential was consistently lower in CT‐based systems than CONT”
e1“Globally, average yields of crops increased by 3.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
CT could increase mean grain yield by 25%.
Verbatim
e0“The CT could result in 25% increase in mean grain yield of crops with 22% higher net returns and 27% energy saving across regions than CONT”
Claim · model-written summary
CT could raise net returns by 22%.
Verbatim
e0“The CT could result in 25% increase in mean grain yield of crops with 22% higher net returns and 27% energy saving across regions than CONT”
Claim · model-written summary
CT could save 27% energy.
Verbatim
e0“The CT could result in 25% increase in mean grain yield of crops with 22% higher net returns and 27% energy saving across regions than CONT”
Claim · model-written summary
CA reduced soil bulk density by 6.2%.
Verbatim
e0“The CA can reduce soil bulk density (by 6.2%), increase aggregate stability (by 30%), and enhance infiltration rate (by 53%) as compared with CONT”
e1“Globally, average yields of crops increased by 3.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
CA increased aggregate stability by 30%.
Verbatim
e0“The CA can reduce soil bulk density (by 6.2%), increase aggregate stability (by 30%), and enhance infiltration rate (by 53%) as compared with CONT”
e1“Globally, average yields of crops increased by 3.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
CA enhanced infiltration rate by 53%.
Verbatim
e0“The CA can reduce soil bulk density (by 6.2%), increase aggregate stability (by 30%), and enhance infiltration rate (by 53%) as compared with CONT”
e1“Globally, average yields of crops increased by 3.7%”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · SorghumResults differ
101 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
119 papers more in this group
See all 123 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.