Abstract
Aim: This study investigated how reduced tillage practices with varying levels of fertilizer application influenced the growth, yield and essential oil production of Mentha arvensis within an arecanut + carrot (rabi) – mint (pre-kharif) cropping sequence. Study Design: Randomized block experimental design with four treatments and each replicated five times. Treatment details are T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha, T2: 75:45:45 NPK kg ha-1 T3: 50:30:30 NPK kg ha-1, T4: Control Place and Duration of Study: The investigation was conducted at the Balindi Research Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping season. Methodology: The study examined the effects of three fertilizer levels each replicated five times on vegetative parameters like plant height, leaf number, branching, and spread during the crop's growth stages and oil yield. Results: Higher fertilizer levels significantly enhanced vegetative growth and yield parameters. Plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP) increased to 26.44 cm, 32.9 cm, and 56.68 cm respectively, with the highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1). Similarly number of leaves per plant also saw an increase to 178, 194, and 219 at the corresponding time points. Additionally plant spread expanded to 20.99 cm, 28.93 cm, and 47.64 cm, and the number of primary branches increased to 6.62, 6.81, and 18.29 at 30, 60, and 90 DAP, respectively. The number of secondary branches also demonstrated growth reaching 3.52 at 60 DAP and 4.20 at 90 DAP. The overall projected herb yield and oil yield at the end of the study was found to be 22.21 tons per hectare (t ha-1) and 254.95 litres ha-1 was recorded under T1 (100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1) Conclusion: These findings show that implementing conservation agriculture principles, including reduced tillage, crop diversification and supplying balanced nutrient levels to crop significantly enhanced crop performance and maintains soil health promoting sustainable agricultural production.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height at 30 DAP increased to 26.44 cm with the highest fertilizer dose.
- Taxon
- Mentha arvensis
Mentha arvensise0 - Treatment
- highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- Plant heighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 26.44 cme2
- Qualifier
- 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP)e2
- Setting
- Balindi Research Farme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential oil production of Mentha arvensis”
e1“The investigation was conducted at the Balindi Research Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping season”
e2“Plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP) increased to 26.44 cm, 32.9 cm, and 56.68 cm respectively, with the highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height at 60 DAP increased to 32.9 cm with the highest fertilizer dose.
- Taxon
- Mentha arvensisMentha arvensise0
- Treatment
- highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- Plant heighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 32.9 cme2
- Qualifier
- 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP)e2
- Setting
- Balindi Research Farme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential oil production of Mentha arvensis”
e1“The investigation was conducted at the Balindi Research Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping season”
e2“Plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP) increased to 26.44 cm, 32.9 cm, and 56.68 cm respectively, with the highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height at 90 DAP increased to 56.68 cm with the highest fertilizer dose.
- Taxon
- Mentha arvensisMentha arvensise0
- Treatment
- highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- Plant heighte2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 56.68 cme2
- Qualifier
- 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP)e2
- Setting
- Balindi Research Farme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential oil production of Mentha arvensis”
e1“The investigation was conducted at the Balindi Research Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping season”
e2“Plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP) increased to 26.44 cm, 32.9 cm, and 56.68 cm respectively, with the highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Number of leaves per plant at 30 DAP increased to 178 with the highest fertilizer dose.
- Taxon
- Mentha arvensisMentha arvensise0
- Treatment
- highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- number of leaves per plante3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 178e3
- Qualifier
- 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP)e2
- Setting
- Balindi Research Farme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential oil production of Mentha arvensis”
e1“The investigation was conducted at the Balindi Research Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping season”
e2“Plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP) increased to 26.44 cm, 32.9 cm, and 56.68 cm respectively, with the highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)”
e3“Similarly number of leaves per plant also saw an increase to 178, 194, and 219 at the corresponding time points”
Claim · model-written summary
Number of leaves per plant at 60 DAP increased to 194 with the highest fertilizer dose.
- Taxon
- Mentha arvensisMentha arvensise0
- Treatment
- highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- number of leaves per plante3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 194e3
- Qualifier
- 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP)e2
- Setting
- Balindi Research Farme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential oil production of Mentha arvensis”
e1“The investigation was conducted at the Balindi Research Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping season”
e2“Plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP) increased to 26.44 cm, 32.9 cm, and 56.68 cm respectively, with the highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)”
e3“Similarly number of leaves per plant also saw an increase to 178, 194, and 219 at the corresponding time points”
Claim · model-written summary
Number of leaves per plant at 90 DAP increased to 219 with the highest fertilizer dose.
- Taxon
- Mentha arvensisMentha arvensise0
- Treatment
- highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- number of leaves per plante3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 219e3
- Qualifier
- 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP)e2
- Setting
- Balindi Research Farme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential oil production of Mentha arvensis”
e1“The investigation was conducted at the Balindi Research Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping season”
e2“Plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP) increased to 26.44 cm, 32.9 cm, and 56.68 cm respectively, with the highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)”
e3“Similarly number of leaves per plant also saw an increase to 178, 194, and 219 at the corresponding time points”
Claim · model-written summary
Number of primary branches at 30 DAP increased to 6.62 with the highest fertilizer dose.
- Taxon
- Mentha arvensisMentha arvensise0
- Treatment
- highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- number of primary branchese4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 6.62e4
- Qualifier
- 30, 60, and 90 DAPe4
- Setting
- Balindi Research Farme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential oil production of Mentha arvensis”
e1“The investigation was conducted at the Balindi Research Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping season”
e2“Plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP) increased to 26.44 cm, 32.9 cm, and 56.68 cm respectively, with the highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)”
e4“the number of primary branches increased to 6.62, 6.81, and 18.29 at 30, 60, and 90 DAP, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Number of primary branches at 60 DAP increased to 6.81 with the highest fertilizer dose.
- Taxon
- Mentha arvensisMentha arvensise0
- Treatment
- highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- number of primary branchese4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 6.81e4
- Qualifier
- 30, 60, and 90 DAPe4
- Setting
- Balindi Research Farme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential oil production of Mentha arvensis”
e1“The investigation was conducted at the Balindi Research Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping season”
e2“Plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP) increased to 26.44 cm, 32.9 cm, and 56.68 cm respectively, with the highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)”
e4“the number of primary branches increased to 6.62, 6.81, and 18.29 at 30, 60, and 90 DAP, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Number of primary branches at 90 DAP increased to 18.29 with the highest fertilizer dose.
- Taxon
- Mentha arvensisMentha arvensise0
- Treatment
- highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- number of primary branchese4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 18.29e4
- Qualifier
- 30, 60, and 90 DAPe4
- Setting
- Balindi Research Farme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential oil production of Mentha arvensis”
e1“The investigation was conducted at the Balindi Research Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping season”
e2“Plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP) increased to 26.44 cm, 32.9 cm, and 56.68 cm respectively, with the highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)”
e4“the number of primary branches increased to 6.62, 6.81, and 18.29 at 30, 60, and 90 DAP, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant spread at 30 DAP expanded to 20.99 cm with the highest fertilizer dose.
- Taxon
- Mentha arvensisMentha arvensise0
- Treatment
- highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- plant spreade5
- Direction
- expandede5
- Value
- 20.99 cme5
- Qualifier
- 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP)e2
- Setting
- Balindi Research Farme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential oil production of Mentha arvensis”
e1“The investigation was conducted at the Balindi Research Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping season”
e2“Plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP) increased to 26.44 cm, 32.9 cm, and 56.68 cm respectively, with the highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)”
e5“Additionally plant spread expanded to 20.99 cm, 28.93 cm, and 47.64 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant spread at 60 DAP expanded to 28.93 cm with the highest fertilizer dose.
- Taxon
- Mentha arvensisMentha arvensise0
- Treatment
- highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- plant spreade5
- Direction
- expandede5
- Value
- 28.93 cme5
- Qualifier
- 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP)e2
- Setting
- Balindi Research Farme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential oil production of Mentha arvensis”
e1“The investigation was conducted at the Balindi Research Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping season”
e2“Plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP) increased to 26.44 cm, 32.9 cm, and 56.68 cm respectively, with the highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)”
e5“Additionally plant spread expanded to 20.99 cm, 28.93 cm, and 47.64 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant spread at 90 DAP expanded to 47.64 cm with the highest fertilizer dose.
- Taxon
- Mentha arvensisMentha arvensise0
- Treatment
- highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- plant spreade5
- Direction
- expandede5
- Value
- 47.64 cme5
- Qualifier
- 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP)e2
- Setting
- Balindi Research Farme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential oil production of Mentha arvensis”
e1“The investigation was conducted at the Balindi Research Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping season”
e2“Plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP) increased to 26.44 cm, 32.9 cm, and 56.68 cm respectively, with the highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)”
e5“Additionally plant spread expanded to 20.99 cm, 28.93 cm, and 47.64 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
Number of secondary branches at 60 DAP reached 3.52 with the highest fertilizer dose.
- Taxon
- Mentha arvensisMentha arvensise0
- Treatment
- highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- number of secondary branchese6
- Direction
- increaseinferrede6
- Value
- 3.52e6
- Qualifier
- 60 DAPe6
- Setting
- Balindi Research Farme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential oil production of Mentha arvensis”
e1“The investigation was conducted at the Balindi Research Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping season”
e2“Plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP) increased to 26.44 cm, 32.9 cm, and 56.68 cm respectively, with the highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)”
e6“The number of secondary branches also demonstrated growth reaching 3.52 at 60 DAP and 4.20 at 90 DAP”
Claim · model-written summary
Number of secondary branches at 90 DAP reached 4.20 with the highest fertilizer dose.
- Taxon
- Mentha arvensisMentha arvensise0
- Treatment
- highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)e2
- Outcome
- number of secondary branchese6
- Direction
- increaseinferrede6
- Value
- 4.20e6
- Qualifier
- 90 DAPe6
- Setting
- Balindi Research Farme1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential oil production of Mentha arvensis”
e1“The investigation was conducted at the Balindi Research Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping season”
e2“Plant height at 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP) increased to 26.44 cm, 32.9 cm, and 56.68 cm respectively, with the highest fertilizer dose (T1 -100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)”
e6“The number of secondary branches also demonstrated growth reaching 3.52 at 60 DAP and 4.20 at 90 DAP”
Claim · model-written summary
Projected herb yield was 22.21 t/ha under the T1 fertilizer dose.
- Taxon
- Mentha arvensisMentha arvensise0
- Treatment
- T1 (100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)e7
- Outcome
- herb yielde7
- Value
- 22.21 tons per hectare (t ha-1)e7
- Setting
- Balindi Research Farme1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential oil production of Mentha arvensis”
e1“The investigation was conducted at the Balindi Research Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping season”
e7“The overall projected herb yield and oil yield at the end of the study was found to be 22.21 tons per hectare (t ha-1) and 254.95 litres ha-1 was recorded under T1 (100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil yield was 254.95 litres per hectare under the T1 fertilizer dose.
- Taxon
- Mentha arvensisMentha arvensise0
- Treatment
- T1 (100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)e7
- Outcome
- oil yielde7
- Value
- 254.95 litres ha-1e7
- Setting
- Balindi Research Farme1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“essential oil production of Mentha arvensis”
e1“The investigation was conducted at the Balindi Research Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal in 2019-20 and 2020-21 cropping season”
e7“The overall projected herb yield and oil yield at the end of the study was found to be 22.21 tons per hectare (t ha-1) and 254.95 litres ha-1 was recorded under T1 (100:60:60 NPK kg ha-1)”
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