Abstract
Abstract Salicylic acid (SA) serves as a pivotal signaling agent, activating defense mechanisms such as hypersensitive responses and systemic acquired resistance in various plants. This study aims to investigate the impact of SA application on bacterial blight (BB) resistance across diverse rice cultivars. The optimization of SA spraying involved testing three distinct methods: Method Ⅰ (daily spraying with SA for 2 consecutive days before inoculation), Method II (spraying with SA once before inoculation and again 1 day after inoculation), and Method III (daily spraying with SA for 2 consecutive days after inoculation). Each method was evaluated using varying SA concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM) to determine their efficacy in susceptible rice cultivars. The most effective approach, Method I, was then extended to different rice cultivars to evaluate SA’s influence on disease resistance induction and defense-related gene expression in “Phitsanulok 2” (“PSL2”), “IRBB21,” and backcrossed lines (“PSL2- Xa21 ” BC 5 F 6 ). The results revealed that Method Ⅰ, with 2 mM SA applied before inoculation, significantly reduced lesion length by 4.6% in the susceptible “PSL2” cultivar compared to the H 2 O treatment. However, the impact was less pronounced in the resistant “IRBB21” and moderately resistant “PSL2- Xa21 ” cultivars, both carrying the Xa21 resistance gene. SA spraying up-regulated OsPal2 gene expression in the “PSL2” cultivar and enhanced OsXa21 gene expression in the “IRBB21” and “PSL2- Xa21 ” cultivars, compared to the H 2 O treatment control. These findings emphasize the potential of SA as a signaling molecule capable of activating defense mechanisms against BB disease in a range of rice cultivars, warranting further investigation into its application for BB management. Future research should focus on conducting field trials to assess the practical applicability of this approach under diverse agricultural settings. Additionally, investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction of SA and genetic resistance in rice will provide deeper insight into optimizing this strategy for effective disease control.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Method I with 2 mM salicylic acid reduced lesion length by 4.6% in susceptible PSL2 versus water.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- PSL2e0
- Treatment
- 2 mM SA applied before inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaet0pathogen - Outcome
- lesion lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 4.6%e0
- Comparator
- H 2 O treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Method Ⅰ, with 2 mM SA applied before inoculation, significantly reduced lesion length by 4.6% in the susceptible “PSL2” cultivar compared to the H 2 O treatment”
t0“bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid had a less pronounced effect in resistant IRBB21.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IRBB21e0
- Treatment
- salicylic acidt1
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaeXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaet0pathogen
- Outcome
- impacte0
- Direction
- less pronouncede0
- Comparator
- PSL2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the impact was less pronounced in the resistant “IRBB21” and moderately resistant “PSL2- Xa21 ” cultivars, both carrying the Xa21 resistance gene”
t0“bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice genotypes”
t1“salicylic acid-induced resistance against bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid had a less pronounced effect in moderately resistant PSL2-Xa21.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- PSL2- Xa21e0
- Treatment
- salicylic acidt0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaeXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaet0pathogen
- Outcome
- impacte0
- Direction
- less pronouncede0
- Comparator
- PSL2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the impact was less pronounced in the resistant “IRBB21” and moderately resistant “PSL2- Xa21 ” cultivars, both carrying the Xa21 resistance gene”
t0“salicylic acid-induced resistance against bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased OsPal2 expression in PSL2 versus water.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- PSL2e0
- Treatment
- SA sprayinge0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaeXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaet0pathogen
- Gene
- OsPal2e0
- Outcome
- OsPal2 gene expressione0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Comparator
- H 2 O treatment controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA spraying up-regulated OsPal2 gene expression in the “PSL2” cultivar”
e1“compared to the H 2 O treatment control”
t0“bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased OsXa21 expression in IRBB21 versus water.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IRBB21e0
- Treatment
- SA sprayinge1
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaeXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaet0pathogen
- Gene
- OsXa21e0
- Outcome
- OsXa21 gene expressione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- H 2 O treatment controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced OsXa21 gene expression in the “IRBB21” and “PSL2- Xa21 ” cultivars”
e1“SA spraying up-regulated OsPal2 gene expression”
e2“compared to the H 2 O treatment control”
t0“bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid increased OsXa21 expression in PSL2-Xa21 versus water.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- PSL2- Xa21e0
- Treatment
- SA sprayinge1
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaeXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaet0pathogen
- Gene
- OsXa21e0
- Outcome
- OsXa21 gene expressione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- H 2 O treatment controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced OsXa21 gene expression in the “IRBB21” and “PSL2- Xa21 ” cultivars”
e1“SA spraying up-regulated OsPal2 gene expression”
e2“compared to the H 2 O treatment control”
t0“bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice genotypes”
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