Abstract
• Pollination by Chinese bees enhances flower fertilization and subsequent ovary development. • Pollination by Chinese bees significantly improves the yield and quality of the two kinds of passion fruits. • It is feasible for Chinese bees to pollinate passion fruit. Pollination is often used as an example of an ecosystem service, which secures global food production, and pollination by animals, especially insects, improves the most crop output. In this study, we investigated the effects of different pollination treatments, including Chinese bee pollination (P1), artificial self-pollination (P2), artificial within-plant cross-pollination (P3), artificial cross-plant cross-pollination (P4), and spontaneous self-pollination (CK), on the fertilization physiology, fruit set, yield, fruit development and quality in two passion fruit cultivars of Qinmi 9 and Tainong 1 under field conditions, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of Chinese bee pollination and determine the optimal pollination method. As most important result was that both Chinese bee pollination and artificial pollination promoted the germination and growth of pollen tubes, fostered the development of the ovary, and controlled the reduction of ovule numbers. Specifically, P1 increased the fruit set in Qinmi 9 and Tainong 1 with a respective increase of 2.9 and 6.2 times, and also the yield with a respective increase of 2.9 and 15.7 times. Chinese bee pollination also facilitated fruit development, enhanced both external and internal fruit quality, and improved amino acid content. Membership function analysis indicated that Chinese bee pollination is the best pollination treatment for increasing yield and quality in both passion fruit species.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Chinese bee and artificial pollination promoted pollen tube germination and growth.
- Taxon
- passion fruit
Passiflora edulist0 - Treatment
- Chinese bee pollinatione0
- Outcome
- germination and growth of pollen tubese0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both Chinese bee pollination and artificial pollination promoted the germination and growth of pollen tubes”
t0“passion fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial pollination promoted pollen tube germination and growth.
- Taxon
- passion fruitPassiflora edulist0
- Treatment
- artificial pollinatione0
- Outcome
- germination and growth of pollen tubese0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both Chinese bee pollination and artificial pollination promoted the germination and growth of pollen tubes”
t0“passion fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Chinese bee pollination fostered ovary development and reduced ovule loss.
- Taxon
- passion fruitPassiflora edulist0
- Treatment
- Chinese bee pollinatione0
- Outcome
- development of the ovarye0
- Direction
- fosterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both Chinese bee pollination and artificial pollination promoted the germination and growth of pollen tubes, fostered the development of the ovary, and controlled the reduction of ovule numbers”
t0“passion fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial pollination fostered ovary development.
- Taxon
- passion fruitPassiflora edulist0
- Treatment
- artificial pollinatione0
- Outcome
- development of the ovarye0
- Direction
- fosterede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“artificial pollination promoted the germination and growth of pollen tubes, fostered the development of the ovary”
t0“passion fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Chinese bee pollination increased fruit set in Qinmi 9 by 2.9 times.
- Taxon
- passion fruitPassiflora edulist0
- Material
- Qinmi 9e0
- Treatment
- Chinese bee pollinatione1
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.9e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P1 increased the fruit set in Qinmi 9 and Tainong 1 with a respective increase of 2.9 and 6.2 times”
t0“passion fruit”
e1“Chinese bee pollination also facilitated fruit development”
Claim · model-written summary
Chinese bee pollination increased fruit set in Tainong 1 by 6.2 times.
- Taxon
- passion fruitPassiflora edulist0
- Material
- Tainong 1e0
- Treatment
- P1e0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.2 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P1 increased the fruit set in Qinmi 9 and Tainong 1 with a respective increase of 2.9 and 6.2 times”
t0“passion fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Chinese bee pollination increased Qinmi 9 yield by 2.9 times.
- Taxon
- passion fruitPassiflora edulist0
- Material
- Qinmi 9e1
- Treatment
- Chinese bee pollinatione2
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 2.9e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“also the yield with a respective increase of 2.9 and 15.7 times”
t0“passion fruit”
e1“fruit set in Qinmi 9 and Tainong 1”
e2“Chinese bee pollination also facilitated fruit development”
Claim · model-written summary
Chinese bee pollination increased Tainong 1 yield by 15.7 times.
- Taxon
- passion fruitPassiflora edulist0
- Material
- Tainong 1e1
- Treatment
- Chinese bee pollinatione2
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 15.7 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“also the yield with a respective increase of 2.9 and 15.7 times”
t0“passion fruit”
e1“fruit set in Qinmi 9 and Tainong 1”
e2“Chinese bee pollination also facilitated fruit development”
Claim · model-written summary
Chinese bee pollination improved fruit development and external and internal quality.
- Taxon
- passion fruitPassiflora edulist0
- Treatment
- Chinese bee pollinatione0
- Outcome
- external and internal fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese bee pollination also facilitated fruit development, enhanced both external and internal fruit quality, and improved amino acid content”
t0“passion fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Chinese bee pollination improved amino acid content.
- Taxon
- passion fruitPassiflora edulist0
- Treatment
- Chinese bee pollinatione0
- Outcome
- amino acid contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese bee pollination also facilitated fruit development, enhanced both external and internal fruit quality, and improved amino acid content”
t0“passion fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Membership analysis ranked Chinese bee pollination best for yield and quality.
- Taxon
- passion fruitPassiflora edulise0
- Outcome
- best pollination treatment for increasing yield and qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chinese bee pollination is the best pollination treatment for increasing yield and quality in both passion fruit species”
The same questions in other papers
pollination · yield · Passiflora edulis (passion fruit)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →pollination · growth · Passiflora edulis (passion fruit)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.