Abstract
Fluroxypyr (4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoro-2-pyridyloxyacetic acid) is a widely used herbicide sprayed on crops worldwide. The effects of fluroxypyr on maize growth and the soil microbial community structure have not been reported. In this study, the impacts of fluroxypyr on maize growth and the bacterial community structure in endophytes and rhizospheric/non-rhizospheric soils were evaluated. We found that the community structures of the non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils were similar. The alpha diversity showed that the richness of the endophytic communities in the mature maize roots was reduced after herbicide application. No statistically significant differences were observed between the fluroxypyr-treated and control soils in either the non-rhizospheric or rhizospheric soils. However, the composition of the endophytic bacterial community structure suggested that fluroxypyr led to a 59.1% reduction in the abundance of Acinetobacter and a 75.6% reduction in Agrobacterium, both of which are considered growth-promoting bacteria. In addition, we observed a negative effect of fluroxypyr on maize growth, including a decreased ear length and root size and a reduction in the 100-grain weight. In summary, our study suggests that fluroxypyr may negatively impact the mature growth of maize by reducing the abundance of Bacillus kineticus and Agrobacterium tumefaciens in the endophytic community of the mature root system.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil communities had similar structure.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the community structures of the non-rhizospheric and rhizospheric soils were similar”
t0“Maize Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluroxypyr reduced richness of mature maize root endophytes.
- Organ / stage
- mature maize rootse0
- Treatment
- Fluroxypyre1
- Outcome
- richness of the endophytic communitiese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the richness of the endophytic communities in the mature maize roots was reduced after herbicide application”
e1“Fluroxypyr (4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoro-2-pyridyloxyacetic acid) is a widely used herbicide”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluroxypyr caused no significant difference in non-rhizospheric soil communities.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No statistically significant differences were observed between the fluroxypyr-treated and control soils in either the non-rhizospheric or rhizospheric soils.”
t0“Maize Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluroxypyr caused no significant difference in rhizospheric soil communities.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No statistically significant differences were observed between the fluroxypyr-treated and control soils in either the non-rhizospheric or rhizospheric soils.”
t0“Maize Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluroxypyr reduced endophytic Acinetobacter abundance by 59.1%.
- Treatment
- fluroxypyre0
- Interactor
- Acinetobacter
Acinetobactere0symbiont - Outcome
- abundance of Acinetobactere0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 59.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fluroxypyr led to a 59.1% reduction in the abundance of Acinetobacter and a 75.6% reduction in Agrobacterium”
t0“Maize Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluroxypyr reduced endophytic Agrobacterium abundance by 75.6%.
- Treatment
- fluroxypyre0
- Interactor
- Agrobacterium
.jpg?width=60)
Agrobacteriume0symbiont - Outcome
- Agrobacteriume0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 75.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“fluroxypyr led to a 59.1% reduction in the abundance of Acinetobacter and a 75.6% reduction in Agrobacterium”
t0“Maize Growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluroxypyr decreased maize ear length.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a negative effect of fluroxypyr on maize growth, including a decreased ear length and root size and a reduction in the 100-grain weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluroxypyr decreased maize root size.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a negative effect of fluroxypyr on maize growth, including a decreased ear length and root size and a reduction in the 100-grain weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluroxypyr reduced maize 100-grain weight.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a negative effect of fluroxypyr on maize growth, including a decreased ear length and root size and a reduction in the 100-grain weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest growth inhibition may involve reduced Bacillus kineticus and Agrobacterium tumefaciens in roots.
- Treatment
- fluroxypyre0
- Interactor
- Bacillus kineticuse0symbiont
- Second interactor
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Agrobacterium tumefaciense0symbiont - Outcome
- mature growth of maizee0
- Qualifier
- by reducing the abundance of Bacillus kineticus and Agrobacterium tumefaciense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fluroxypyr may negatively impact the mature growth of maize by reducing the abundance of Bacillus kineticus and Agrobacterium tumefaciens in the endophytic community of the mature root system”
The same questions in other papers
fluroxypyr · growth · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
fluroxypyr · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.