Abstract
Bacterial strain TSO55 was isolated from a commercial field of wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum), under organic amendments, located in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico. Morphological and microscopical characterization showed off-white irregular colonies and Gram-positive bacillus, respectively. The draft genome sequence of this strain revealed a genomic size of 5,489,151 bp, with a G + C content of 35.21%, N50 value of 245,934 bp, L50 value of 8, and 85 contigs. Taxonomic affiliation showed that strain TSO55 belongs to Bacillus paranthracis, reported as an emergent human pathogen. Genome annotation identified 5743 and 5587 coding DNA sequences (CDSs), respectively, highlighting genes associated with indole production, phosphate and potassium solubilization, and iron acquisition. Further in silico analysis indicated the presence of three CDSs related to pathogenicity islands and a high pathogenic potential (77%), as well as the presence of multiple gene clusters related to antibiotic resistance. The in vitro evaluation of plant growth promotion traits was negative for indole production and phosphate and potassium solubilization, and it was positive but low (18%) for siderophore production. The biosynthetic gene cluster for bacillibactin (siderophore) biosynthesis was confirmed. Antifungal bioactivity of strain TSO55 evaluated against wheat pathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata TF17, Bipolaris sorokiniana TPQ3, and Fusarium incarnatum TF14) showed minimal fungal inhibition. An antibiotic susceptibility assay indicated resistance to three of the six antibiotics evaluated, up to a concentration of 20 µg/mL. The beta hemolysis result on blood agar reinforced TSO55’s pathogenic potential. Inoculation of B. paranthracis TSO55 on wheat seedlings resulted in a significant decrease in root length (−8.4%), total plant height (−4.2%), root dry weight (−18.6%), stem dry weight (−11.1%), and total plant dry weight (−15.2%) compared to the control (uninoculated) treatment. This work highlights the importance of analyzing the microbiological safety of organic amendments before application. Comprehensive genome-based taxonomic affiliation and bioprospecting of microbial species introduced to the soil by organic agricultural practices and any microbial inoculant will prevent the introduction of dangerous species with non-beneficial traits for crops, which affect sustainability and generate potential health risks for plants and humans.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Strain TSO55 showed minimal inhibition of wheat pathogenic fungi, including Alternaria alternata TF17.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume2 - Interactor
- Alternaria alternata TF17
.jpg?width=60)
Alternaria alternatae2pathogen - Outcome
- fungal inhibitione2
- Direction
- minimale2
- Qualifier
- Bipolaris sorokiniana TPQ3, and Fusarium incarnatum TF14e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e2“Antifungal bioactivity of strain TSO55 evaluated against wheat pathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata TF17, Bipolaris sorokiniana TPQ3, and Fusarium incarnatum TF14) showed minimal fungal inhibition”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro plant growth promotion traits of TSO55 were negative for indole production and phosphate and potassium solubilization.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum
Triticum turgidum subsp. durume1 - Outcome
- indole production and phosphate and potassium solubilizatione3
- Direction
- negativee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Bacterial strain TSO55 was isolated from a commercial field of wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum)”
e3“The in vitro evaluation of plant growth promotion traits was negative for indole production and phosphate and potassium solubilization”
Claim · model-written summary
TSO55 produced siderophores at a low level, 18%.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durumTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Outcome
- siderophore productione4
- Direction
- positive but lowe4
- Value
- 18%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Bacterial strain TSO55 was isolated from a commercial field of wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum)”
e4“it was positive but low (18%) for siderophore production”
Claim · model-written summary
The biosynthetic gene cluster for bacillibactin (siderophore) biosynthesis was confirmed in TSO55.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durumTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Gene
- bacillibactine5
- Outcome
- biosynthetic gene cluster for bacillibactin (siderophore) biosynthesise5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Bacterial strain TSO55 was isolated from a commercial field of wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum)”
e5“The biosynthetic gene cluster for bacillibactin (siderophore) biosynthesis was confirmed”
Claim · model-written summary
TSO55 showed resistance to three of the six antibiotics tested, up to 20 µg/mL.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durumTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Outcome
- resistancee6
- Value
- three of the six antibioticse6
- Qualifier
- up to a concentration of 20 µg/mLe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Bacterial strain TSO55 was isolated from a commercial field of wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum)”
e6“An antibiotic susceptibility assay indicated resistance to three of the six antibiotics evaluated, up to a concentration of 20 µg/mL”
Claim · model-written summary
The beta hemolysis result of TSO55 on blood agar reinforced its pathogenic potential.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durumTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Outcome
- beta hemolysise7
- Qualifier
- pathogenic potentiale7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Bacterial strain TSO55 was isolated from a commercial field of wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum)”
e7“The beta hemolysis result on blood agar reinforced TSO55’s pathogenic potential”
Claim · model-written summary
The draft genome of TSO55 has a size of 5,489,151 bp.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durumTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Outcome
- genomic sizee2
- Value
- 5,489,151 bpe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Bacterial strain TSO55 was isolated from a commercial field of wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum)”
e2“The draft genome sequence of this strain revealed a genomic size of 5,489,151 bp”
Claim · model-written summary
The TSO55 genome has a G + C content of 35.21%.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durumTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Outcome
- G + C contente2
- Value
- 35.21%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Bacterial strain TSO55 was isolated from a commercial field of wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum)”
e2“with a G + C content of 35.21%”
Claim · model-written summary
Genome annotation of TSO55 identified 5743 and 5587 coding DNA sequences, respectively.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durumTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Outcome
- coding DNA sequences (CDSs)e2
- Value
- 5743 and 5587e2
- Qualifier
- respectivelye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Bacterial strain TSO55 was isolated from a commercial field of wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum)”
e2“Genome annotation identified 5743 and 5587 coding DNA sequences (CDSs), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
TSO55 has three CDSs related to pathogenicity islands.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durumTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Outcome
- CDSs related to pathogenicity islandse2
- Value
- threee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Bacterial strain TSO55 was isolated from a commercial field of wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum)”
e2“indicated the presence of three CDSs related to pathogenicity islands”
Claim · model-written summary
TSO55 has a high pathogenic potential of 77%.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durumTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Outcome
- pathogenic potentiale2
- Value
- 77%e2
- Qualifier
- highe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Bacterial strain TSO55 was isolated from a commercial field of wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum)”
e2“a high pathogenic potential (77%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Taxonomic affiliation places strain TSO55 in Bacillus paranthracis, reported as an emerging human pathogen.
- Taxon
- Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durumTriticum turgidum subsp. durume1
- Outcome
- Taxonomic affiliatione2
- Qualifier
- reported as an emergent human pathogene2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Bacterial strain TSO55 was isolated from a commercial field of wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum)”
e2“Taxonomic affiliation showed that strain TSO55 belongs to Bacillus paranthracis, reported as an emergent human pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with B. paranthracis TSO55 decreased wheat seedling root length by 8.4% compared with the uninoculated control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Inoculation of B. paranthracis TSO55e1
- Interactor
- B. paranthracis TSO55Bacillus paranthracise1other
- Outcome
- root lengthe1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- −8.4%e1
- Comparator
- control (uninoculated) treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Inoculation of B. paranthracis TSO55 on wheat seedlings resulted in a significant decrease in root length (−8.4%), total plant height (−4.2%), root dry weight (−18.6%), stem dry weight (−11.1%), and total plant dry weight (−15.2%) compared to the control (uninoculated) treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with B. paranthracis TSO55 decreased wheat seedling total plant height by 4.2% compared with the uninoculated control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Inoculation of B. paranthracis TSO55e1
- Interactor
- B. paranthracis TSO55Bacillus paranthracise1other
- Outcome
- total plant heighte1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- −4.2%e1
- Comparator
- control (uninoculated) treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Inoculation of B. paranthracis TSO55 on wheat seedlings resulted in a significant decrease in root length (−8.4%), total plant height (−4.2%), root dry weight (−18.6%), stem dry weight (−11.1%), and total plant dry weight (−15.2%) compared to the control (uninoculated) treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with B. paranthracis TSO55 decreased wheat seedling root dry weight by 18.6% compared with the uninoculated control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Inoculation of B. paranthracis TSO55e1
- Interactor
- B. paranthracis TSO55Bacillus paranthracise1other
- Outcome
- root dry weighte1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- −18.6%e1
- Comparator
- control (uninoculated) treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Inoculation of B. paranthracis TSO55 on wheat seedlings resulted in a significant decrease in root length (−8.4%), total plant height (−4.2%), root dry weight (−18.6%), stem dry weight (−11.1%), and total plant dry weight (−15.2%) compared to the control (uninoculated) treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with B. paranthracis TSO55 decreased wheat seedling stem dry weight by 11.1% compared with the uninoculated control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Inoculation of B. paranthracis TSO55e1
- Interactor
- B. paranthracis TSO55Bacillus paranthracise1other
- Outcome
- stem dry weighte1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- −11.1%e1
- Comparator
- control (uninoculated) treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Inoculation of B. paranthracis TSO55 on wheat seedlings resulted in a significant decrease in root length (−8.4%), total plant height (−4.2%), root dry weight (−18.6%), stem dry weight (−11.1%), and total plant dry weight (−15.2%) compared to the control (uninoculated) treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with B. paranthracis TSO55 decreased wheat seedling total plant dry weight by 15.2% compared with the uninoculated control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Inoculation of B. paranthracis TSO55e1
- Interactor
- B. paranthracis TSO55Bacillus paranthracise1other
- Outcome
- total plant dry weighte1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- −15.2%e1
- Comparator
- control (uninoculated) treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Inoculation of B. paranthracis TSO55 on wheat seedlings resulted in a significant decrease in root length (−8.4%), total plant height (−4.2%), root dry weight (−18.6%), stem dry weight (−11.1%), and total plant dry weight (−15.2%) compared to the control (uninoculated) treatment”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
55 papers in the same direction as this paper · 476 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
528 papers more in this group
See all 532 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.