Abstract
Summary We explored the potential of fluorescence ratios, based on multiple fluorescence excitation indices, as compared to chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) recorded with the pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) technique, for early and sensitive detection of water deficiency (WD) in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) leaves. In this context, we hypothesized that the indices BFRR_UV (ratio of BF (blue fluorescence) to FRF (far-red fluorescence), both excited with UV-light), FLAV (logarithm of the ratio of red-excited FRF to the UV-excited FRF) and NBI (ratio of UV-excited FRF to the red-excited red fluorescence) of the multiple fluorescence excitation technique reveal the onset and intensity of WD in plants exposed to long-term WD, as well as during re-watering. For this purpose, three tomato genotypes were grown in the greenhouse under well-watered or long-term WD conditions. The decrease of the osmotic potential, relative water content and chlorophyll concentration as well as the increase in proline concentration confirmed the impact of WD leading to drought stress. ChlF recorded with the PAM technique showed significant differences between control and WD treatment in the relative apparent electron transport rate and the coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP). The indices BFRR_UV and FLAV significantly increased while the NBI significantly decreased during WD. As compared to the qP, the ratios BFRR_UV and FLAV provide information of equivalent quality concerning the genotype-specific responses to WD. Thus, the multiple fluorescence excitation technique establishes a valuable, fast and practical tool for the in situ monitoring of the physiological status of the plants without the need of dark adaption as required for the PAM recordings.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term water deficiency decreased osmotic potential, relative water content and chlorophyll concentration in greenhouse tomato leaves compared with well-watered plants.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- long-term WDe1
- Outcome
- osmotic potential, relative water content and chlorophyll concentratione2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Comparator
- well-waterede1
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solanum lycopersicum”
e1“in the greenhouse under well-watered or long-term WD conditions”
e2“The decrease of the osmotic potential, relative water content and chlorophyll concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Long-term water deficiency increased proline concentration in greenhouse tomato leaves compared with well-watered plants.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- long-term WDe1
- Outcome
- proline concentratione2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Comparator
- well-waterede1
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solanum lycopersicum”
e1“in the greenhouse under well-watered or long-term WD conditions”
e2“the increase in proline concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
PAM chlorophyll fluorescence showed significant differences between control and water-deficit treatment in relative apparent electron transport rate and qP.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- WD treatmente1
- Outcome
- relative apparent electron transport rate and the coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP)e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solanum lycopersicum”
e1“ChlF recorded with the PAM technique showed significant differences between control and WD treatment in the relative apparent electron transport rate and the coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP)”
Claim · model-written summary
The fluorescence indices BFRR_UV and FLAV significantly increased during water deficiency in tomato.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- WDe1
- Outcome
- The indices BFRR_UV and FLAVe1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solanum lycopersicum”
e1“The indices BFRR_UV and FLAV significantly increased while the NBI significantly decreased during WD”
Claim · model-written summary
The fluorescence index NBI significantly decreased during water deficiency in tomato.
- Taxon
- Solanum lycopersicumSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- WDe1
- Outcome
- NBIe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Solanum lycopersicum”
e1“the NBI significantly decreased during WD”
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with qP, the ratios BFRR_UV and FLAV gave information of equivalent quality on genotype-specific responses to water deficiency.
Verbatim
e0“Solanum lycopersicum”
e1“As compared to the qP, the ratios BFRR_UV and FLAV provide information of equivalent quality concerning the genotype-specific responses to WD”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the multiple fluorescence excitation technique is a valuable, fast and practical tool for in situ monitoring of plant physiological status without the dark adaption that PAM recordings need.
Verbatim
e0“Solanum lycopersicum”
e1“the multiple fluorescence excitation technique establishes a valuable, fast and practical tool for the in situ monitoring of the physiological status of the plants without the need of dark adaption as required for the PAM recordings”