Abstract
Abstract The results of an anatomical description of a cross section of a shoot of Juniperus oblonga M.Bieb. affected by Arceuthobium oxycedri are presented. The anatomical structure of a healthy shoot of J. oblonga is compared with the description of the stem of J. communis L. according to literature data, and distinctive features in the structure are noted. Shoots of J. oblonga are affected by A. oxycedri up to 12 years of age. The depth of penetration of the haustorium depends on the age of the affected shoot; when young shoots are affected, the connection of the haustorium with the xylem is detected up to the perimedullary part of the pith. The haustorium is pointed towards the center of the stem and expanded towards the crustal part and joins the xylem obliquely towards the apex of the stem. Basal calyxes are formed at the base of the Arceuthobium shoot, at the site of its penetration into the juniper bark. On the shoots of J. oblonga affected by A. oxycedri, in the places of haustoria penetration, the shoot xylem grows, which is a result of activation and synchronization of the work of the cambium of the host plant and the haustorium of the semiparasite. The growth of xylem occurs due to an increase in the number of layers of the early spring part of the xylem of the stem. The connection of the xylem and phloem of the juniper stem with the conducting system of the hemiparasite is carried out through disjunctive fragments of the haustorium. Each aboveground shoot of Arceuthobium has its own haustorial system, not connected with other shoots, which enters the bark part of the stem and rests on the basal calyx. By 8 to 12 years of life of the juniper stem, the ectophytic part of the semiparasite system is destroyed, only basal calyxes remain on the surface of the juniper bark, and excessive thickening of the shoot stops.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The haustorium connects with the xylem of young affected juniper shoots up to the perimedullary part of the pith.
- Taxon
- Juniperus oblonga
Juniperus communis var. oblongat0 - Interactor
- Arceuthobium oxycedri
Arceuthobium oxycedrit0parasite - Outcome
- connection of the haustorium with the xyleme3
- Qualifier
- up to the perimedullary part of the pithe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“when young shoots are affected, the connection of the haustorium with the xylem is detected up to the perimedullary part of the pith”
t0“Juniperus oblonga M.Bieb. Affected by the Hemiparasite Arceuthobium oxycedri”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot xylem grows in the places of haustoria penetration, which the authors attribute to activation and synchronisation of host and haustorium cambium.
- Taxon
- J. oblongaJuniperus communis var. oblongae4
- Treatment
- haustoria penetratione4
- Interactor
- A. oxycedriArceuthobium oxycedrie4parasite
- Outcome
- shoot xylem growse4
- Qualifier
- activation and synchronization of the work of the cambiume4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“On the shoots of J. oblonga affected by A. oxycedri, in the places of haustoria penetration, the shoot xylem grows, which is a result of activation and synchronization of the work of the cambium of the host plant and the haustorium of the semiparasite”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of layers of the early spring part of the xylem increases on affected juniper stems.
- Taxon
- J. oblongaJuniperus communis var. oblongae4
- Organ / stage
- early spring part of the xyleme5
- Outcome
- number of layers of the early spring part of the xyleme5
- Direction
- increasee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The growth of xylem occurs due to an increase in the number of layers of the early spring part of the xylem of the stem”
e4“On the shoots of J. oblonga affected by A. oxycedri”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal calyxes are formed at the base of the Arceuthobium shoot where it penetrates juniper bark.
- Taxon
- junipere6
- Organ / stage
- base of the Arceuthobium shoote6
- Interactor
- Arceuthobium
Arceuthobiume6parasite - Outcome
- Basal calyxes are formede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Basal calyxes are formed at the base of the Arceuthobium shoot, at the site of its penetration into the juniper bark”
Claim · model-written summary
The xylem and phloem of juniper stems connect with the hemiparasite conducting system through disjunctive haustorium fragments.
Verbatim
e7“The connection of the xylem and phloem of the juniper stem with the conducting system of the hemiparasite is carried out through disjunctive fragments of the haustorium”
Claim · model-written summary
By 8 to 12 years of stem life the ectophytic part of the semiparasite system is destroyed.
- Taxon
- junipere0
- Interactor
- semiparasitee0parasite
- Outcome
- ectophytic part of the semiparasite systeme0
- Value
- 8 to 12 yearse0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“By 8 to 12 years of life of the juniper stem, the ectophytic part of the semiparasite system is destroyed, only basal calyxes remain on the surface of the juniper bark”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive thickening of the juniper shoot stops by 8 to 12 years of stem life.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“By 8 to 12 years of life of the juniper stem, the ectophytic part of the semiparasite system is destroyed, only basal calyxes remain on the surface of the juniper bark, and excessive thickening of the shoot stops”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoots of J. oblonga are affected by A. oxycedri up to 12 years of age.
- Taxon
- J. oblongaJuniperus communis var. oblongae1
- Interactor
- A. oxycedriArceuthobium oxycedrie1parasite
- Outcome
- Shoots of J. oblonga are affectede1
- Value
- up to 12 years of agee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Shoots of J. oblonga are affected by A. oxycedri up to 12 years of age”
Claim · model-written summary
The depth of haustorium penetration depends on the age of the affected shoot.
- Taxon
- J. oblongaJuniperus communis var. oblongae1
- Treatment
- the age of the affected shoote2
- Interactor
- A. oxycedriArceuthobium oxycedrie1parasite
- Outcome
- depth of penetration of the haustoriume2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The depth of penetration of the haustorium depends on the age of the affected shoot”
e1“Shoots of J. oblonga are affected by A. oxycedri”
Claim · model-written summary
Healthy J. oblonga stems show distinctive anatomical features compared with J. communis.
- Taxon
- J. oblongaJuniperus communis var. oblongae0
- Outcome
- distinctive features in the structuree0
- Comparator
- J. communise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The anatomical structure of a healthy shoot of J. oblonga is compared with the description of the stem of J. communis L. according to literature data, and distinctive features in the structure are noted”