Abstract
Soil heavy metal pollution poses a significant environmental risk to human health and plant growth. Gibberellic acid (GA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are effective methods for resolving this issue. GA regulates growth mechanisms such as seed germination, flowering, and stem elongation. Plants use GABA, a signaling molecule, to control physiological processes, growth, and responses to stress. This substance plays a crucial role in the interactions between hormones and plant defense, as evidenced by its effects on photosynthesis, food absorption, and stomatal behavior. The study aimed to determine how GABA and GA amendments affected tomato plants under no toxicity and Pb toxicity. The study included four treatments (0, GA, GABA, and GA + GABA) in four replications following a completely randomized design. Notably, the GA + GABA treatment led to considerable enhancements in fresh weight (88.98%), dry weight (68.28%), shoot length (39.98%), and root length (115.43%) compared to the control under Pb toxicity. Moreover, GA + GABA treatment significantly increased tomato chlorophyll a (161.72%), chlorophyll b (93.33%), and total chlorophyll content (112.45%) under Pb stress toxicity, confirming the effectiveness of GA + GABA treatment. In conclusion, GA + GABA is recommended as the best amendment to mitigate Pb stress in tomato plants. Our findings have broader implications for GA + GABA application, offering a potential technology to enhance sustainable crop production by improving plant growth and yield in Pb-contaminated soils. More investigations are suggested at field levels under different agroclimates on different crops for the declaration of GA + GABA as the best amendment for alleviating different heavy metal pollutions and sustainable agriculture productions.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
GA + GABA increased tomato fresh weight by 88.98% relative to control under Pb toxicity.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- GA + GABAe0
- Outcome
- fresh weighte0
- Direction
- enhancementse0
- Value
- 88.98%e0
- Qualifier
- under Pb toxicitye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the GA + GABA treatment led to considerable enhancements in fresh weight (88.98%), dry weight (68.28%), shoot length (39.98%), and root length (115.43%) compared to the control under Pb toxicity”
t0“tomato plant cultivated in Pb-polluted soil”
Claim · model-written summary
GA + GABA increased tomato dry weight by 68.28% relative to control under Pb toxicity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GA + GABAe0
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- enhancementse0
- Value
- 68.28%e0
- Qualifier
- under Pb toxicitye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the GA + GABA treatment led to considerable enhancements in fresh weight (88.98%), dry weight (68.28%), shoot length (39.98%), and root length (115.43%) compared to the control under Pb toxicity”
t0“tomato plant cultivated in Pb-polluted soil”
Claim · model-written summary
GA + GABA increased tomato shoot length by 39.98% relative to control under Pb toxicity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GA + GABAe0
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- enhancementse0
- Value
- 39.98%e0
- Qualifier
- under Pb toxicitye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the GA + GABA treatment led to considerable enhancements in fresh weight (88.98%), dry weight (68.28%), shoot length (39.98%), and root length (115.43%) compared to the control under Pb toxicity”
t0“tomato plant cultivated in Pb-polluted soil”
Claim · model-written summary
GA + GABA increased tomato root length by 115.43% relative to control under Pb toxicity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GA + GABAe0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- enhancementse0
- Value
- 115.43%e0
- Qualifier
- under Pb toxicitye0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the GA + GABA treatment led to considerable enhancements in fresh weight (88.98%), dry weight (68.28%), shoot length (39.98%), and root length (115.43%) compared to the control under Pb toxicity”
t0“tomato plant cultivated in Pb-polluted soil”
Claim · model-written summary
GA + GABA significantly increased tomato chlorophyll a by 161.72% under Pb stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GA + GABAe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 161.72%e0
- Qualifier
- under Pb stress toxicitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA + GABA treatment significantly increased tomato chlorophyll a (161.72%), chlorophyll b (93.33%), and total chlorophyll content (112.45%) under Pb stress toxicity”
t0“tomato plant cultivated in Pb-polluted soil”
Claim · model-written summary
GA + GABA significantly increased tomato chlorophyll b by 93.33% under Pb stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GA + GABAe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll be0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 93.33%e0
- Qualifier
- under Pb stress toxicitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA + GABA treatment significantly increased tomato chlorophyll a (161.72%), chlorophyll b (93.33%), and total chlorophyll content (112.45%) under Pb stress toxicity”
t0“tomato plant cultivated in Pb-polluted soil”
Claim · model-written summary
GA + GABA significantly increased tomato total chlorophyll content by 112.45% under Pb stress.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GA + GABAe0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 112.45%e0
- Qualifier
- under Pb stress toxicitye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA + GABA treatment significantly increased tomato chlorophyll a (161.72%), chlorophyll b (93.33%), and total chlorophyll content (112.45%) under Pb stress toxicity”
t0“tomato plant cultivated in Pb-polluted soil”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend GA + GABA to mitigate Pb stress in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- GA + GABAe0
- Outcome
- best amendment to mitigate Pb stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA + GABA is recommended as the best amendment to mitigate Pb stress in tomato plants”
t0“tomato plant cultivated in Pb-polluted soil”
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