Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nature farming, a sustainable agricultural method which avoids agrochemicals and untreated organic amendments, promotes both agricultural productivity and ecological conservation. This system may foster unique plant-microbiota interactions for growth and fitness; however, the microbiota of nature-farmed plants remains largely unexplored. Second, root nodule symbiosis (RNS) is crucial for nitrogen fixation in legumes; however, its broader impact on rhizosphere microbiota assembly is not well understood. This study examined the dynamics between impaired nodule symbiosis, soil management, and the rhizosphere microbiota composition and growth of soybean (Glycine max L.). RESULTS: We evaluated the growth and characterized the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities of soybean by comparing wildtype soybeans (Enrei) with the non-nodulating mutants (En1282) across four soils under conventional and nature farming, including fumigated and unfumigated conditions. We found that the non-nodulating soybean mutants (En1282) exhibited reduced growth compared with wild-type (Enrei) plants, especially in untreated soils. Soil fumigation decreased microbial diversity and reshaped rhizosphere community composition with a significant reduction in plant growth and nodulation in all soils. Restriction in RNS increased bacterial diversity in untreated soils, possibly as a compensatory mechanism for nitrogen acquisition, whereas fungal diversity remained relatively stable. Nature farming promoted beneficial microbes like Rhizobium, Trichoderma, and Chloridium, whereas conventional soil plants favored Bacillus and Aspergillus. Notably, differential enrichment analysis identified distinct associations for each nodulation phenotype, with Enrei predominantly enriched for Pseudomonas, and En1282 associated primarily with oligotrophic microbes. CONCLUSION: Our study sheds light on the complex interplay between legume symbiosis and rhizosphere microbiota assembly and highlights the significance of eco-friendly farming methods like nature farming in cultivating a healthy rhizosphere for plant growth. The results paves way for future strategies to manipulate rhizosphere microbiota, ultimately promoting robust and sustainable farming systems that reduce reliance on chemical inputs.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Non-nodulating En1282 soybeans grew less than Enrei, especially in untreated soils.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Material
- En1282e0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- especially in untreated soilse0
- Comparator
- Enreie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We found that the non-nodulating soybean mutants (En1282) exhibited reduced growth compared with wild-type (Enrei) plants, especially in untreated soils.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fumigation decreased rhizosphere microbial diversity.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Soil fumigatione0
- Outcome
- microbial diversitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil fumigation decreased microbial diversity and reshaped rhizosphere community composition with a significant reduction in plant growth and nodulation in all soils.”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fumigation reshaped rhizosphere community composition.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Soil fumigatione0
- Outcome
- rhizosphere community compositione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil fumigation decreased microbial diversity and reshaped rhizosphere community composition with a significant reduction in plant growth and nodulation in all soils.”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fumigation significantly reduced plant growth.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Soil fumigatione0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- in all soilse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil fumigation decreased microbial diversity and reshaped rhizosphere community composition with a significant reduction in plant growth and nodulation in all soils.”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil fumigation significantly reduced nodulation in all soils.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Soil fumigatione0
- Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- in all soilse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil fumigation decreased microbial diversity and reshaped rhizosphere community composition with a significant reduction in plant growth and nodulation in all soils.”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Restricted root nodule symbiosis increased bacterial diversity in untreated soils.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Restriction in RNSe0
- Outcome
- bacterial diversitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- in untreated soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Restriction in RNS increased bacterial diversity in untreated soils, possibly as a compensatory mechanism for nitrogen acquisition, whereas fungal diversity remained relatively stable.”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal diversity remained relatively stable with restricted root nodule symbiosis.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Restriction in RNSe0
- Outcome
- fungal diversitye0
- Direction
- remained relatively stablee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Restriction in RNS increased bacterial diversity in untreated soils, possibly as a compensatory mechanism for nitrogen acquisition, whereas fungal diversity remained relatively stable.”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nature farming promoted Rhizobium, Trichoderma, and Chloridium.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Nature farminge0
- Outcome
- beneficial microbes like Rhizobium, Trichoderma, and Chloridiume0
- Direction
- promotede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nature farming promoted beneficial microbes like Rhizobium, Trichoderma, and Chloridium, whereas conventional soil plants favored Bacillus and Aspergillus.”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional soil plants favored Bacillus and Aspergillus.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Treatment
- conventional soile0
- Outcome
- Bacillus and Aspergilluse0
- Direction
- favorede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nature farming promoted beneficial microbes like Rhizobium, Trichoderma, and Chloridium, whereas conventional soil plants favored Bacillus and Aspergillus.”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Enrei was predominantly enriched for Pseudomonas.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Material
- Enreie0
- Outcome
- Pseudomonase0
- Direction
- enrichede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Notably, differential enrichment analysis identified distinct associations for each nodulation phenotype, with Enrei predominantly enriched for Pseudomonas, and En1282 associated primarily with oligotrophic microbes.”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
En1282 was primarily associated with oligotrophic microbes.
- Taxon
- soybean (Glycine max L.)Glycine maxt0
- Material
- En1282e0
- Outcome
- oligotrophic microbese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Notably, differential enrichment analysis identified distinct associations for each nodulation phenotype, with Enrei predominantly enriched for Pseudomonas, and En1282 associated primarily with oligotrophic microbes.”
t0“soybean (Glycine max L.)”
The same questions in other papers
solarization · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
solarization · symbiosis · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.