Abstract
A series of ultrastructural changes were observed in soybean leaves fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoride. In the cytoplasm the presence of small vacuoles was the first noticeable initial change. The fragmentation of the vacuolar membrane occurred either simultaneously or followed immediately. Lipid-droplet-like globules and numerous vesicles occurred subsequently in the cytoplasm and increased as the injury became more severe. There was a decrease in polysomes and a detachment of ribosome from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Free ribosome concentration also decreased as the injury became severe. Mitochondrial modifications involving dilation of outer and cristae membranes followed by reduction of both cristae number and matrix electron density and the disappearance of mitochondrial granules were observed in the chlorotic leaves. Electron dense inclusions accumulated in some mitochondria as well. The first noticeable change observed in the chloroplast was the presence of clusters of phytoferritin granules within the stoma after only 2 days of fumigation. Alterations in nuclear structures were observed in later stages of injury. Numerous small electron dense particles were found on various types of membranes in cells of severely chlorotic leaves. They were distributed on outer mitochondrial membranes, endoplasmic reticula, dictyosomes, tonoplasts, plasmalemma, nuclear envelopes, and disintegratingmore » organelles and vesicles, but were never observed on membranes of chloroplasts and microbodies. The presence of fluoride has attracted the attention of many workers primarily in certain industrial areas where the emitted atmospheric fluoride concentrates and is accumulated by plants initiating injury. 6 references.« less
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen fluoride fumigation caused ultrastructural changes in soybean leaves.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- soybean leavese1
- Treatment
- fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoridee1
- Outcome
- ultrastructural changese1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mesophyll cells from Glycine max, Merr”
e1“A series of ultrastructural changes were observed in soybean leaves fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoride”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen fluoride fumigation decreased polysomes in soybean leaves.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoridee1
- Outcome
- polysomese2
- Direction
- decreasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mesophyll cells from Glycine max, Merr”
e1“A series of ultrastructural changes were observed in soybean leaves fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoride”
e2“There was a decrease in polysomes and a detachment of ribosome from the rough endoplasmic reticulum”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen fluoride fumigation caused ribosome detachment from the rough endoplasmic reticulum in soybean leaves.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoridee1
- Outcome
- detachment of ribosome from the rough endoplasmic reticulume2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mesophyll cells from Glycine max, Merr”
e1“A series of ultrastructural changes were observed in soybean leaves fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoride”
e2“There was a decrease in polysomes and a detachment of ribosome from the rough endoplasmic reticulum”
Claim · model-written summary
Free ribosome concentration decreased as hydrogen fluoride injury became severe.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoridee1
- Outcome
- Free ribosome concentratione3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mesophyll cells from Glycine max, Merr”
e1“A series of ultrastructural changes were observed in soybean leaves fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoride”
e3“Free ribosome concentration also decreased as the injury became severe”
Claim · model-written summary
Small vacuoles were the first noticeable change in the cytoplasm after hydrogen fluoride fumigation.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoridee1
- Outcome
- presence of small vacuolese4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mesophyll cells from Glycine max, Merr”
e1“A series of ultrastructural changes were observed in soybean leaves fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoride”
e4“In the cytoplasm the presence of small vacuoles was the first noticeable initial change”
Claim · model-written summary
Fragmentation of the vacuolar membrane occurred after hydrogen fluoride fumigation.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoridee1
- Outcome
- fragmentation of the vacuolar membranee5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mesophyll cells from Glycine max, Merr”
e1“A series of ultrastructural changes were observed in soybean leaves fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoride”
e5“The fragmentation of the vacuolar membrane occurred either simultaneously or followed immediately”
Claim · model-written summary
Lipid-droplet-like globules and numerous vesicles increased in the cytoplasm as injury became more severe.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoridee1
- Outcome
- Lipid-droplet-like globules and numerous vesiclese6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mesophyll cells from Glycine max, Merr”
e1“A series of ultrastructural changes were observed in soybean leaves fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoride”
e6“Lipid-droplet-like globules and numerous vesicles occurred subsequently in the cytoplasm and increased as the injury became more severe”
Claim · model-written summary
Mitochondrial modifications, including dilation and reduced cristae, were observed in chlorotic leaves.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoridee1
- Outcome
- Mitochondrial modificationse7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mesophyll cells from Glycine max, Merr”
e1“A series of ultrastructural changes were observed in soybean leaves fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoride”
e7“Mitochondrial modifications involving dilation of outer and cristae membranes followed by reduction of both cristae number and matrix electron density and the disappearance of mitochondrial granules were observed in the chlorotic leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Electron dense inclusions accumulated in some mitochondria.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoridee1
- Outcome
- Electron dense inclusionse2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mesophyll cells from Glycine max, Merr”
e1“A series of ultrastructural changes were observed in soybean leaves fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoride”
e2“Electron dense inclusions accumulated in some mitochondria as well”
Claim · model-written summary
Clusters of phytoferritin granules appeared within the chloroplast stroma after two days of fumigation.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- chloroplaste2
- Treatment
- fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoridee1
- Outcome
- clusters of phytoferritin granules within the stomae2
- Qualifier
- after only 2 days of fumigatione2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mesophyll cells from Glycine max, Merr”
e1“A series of ultrastructural changes were observed in soybean leaves fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoride”
e2“The first noticeable change observed in the chloroplast was the presence of clusters of phytoferritin granules within the stoma after only 2 days of fumigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Alterations in nuclear structures were observed in later stages of injury.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoridee1
- Outcome
- Alterations in nuclear structurese2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mesophyll cells from Glycine max, Merr”
e1“A series of ultrastructural changes were observed in soybean leaves fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoride”
e2“Alterations in nuclear structures were observed in later stages of injury”
Claim · model-written summary
Small electron dense particles were found on various membranes in severely chlorotic leaves.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoridee1
- Outcome
- small electron dense particlese2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mesophyll cells from Glycine max, Merr”
e1“A series of ultrastructural changes were observed in soybean leaves fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoride”
e2“Numerous small electron dense particles were found on various types of membranes in cells of severely chlorotic leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Electron dense particles were never observed on membranes of chloroplasts and microbodies.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoridee1
- Outcome
- electron dense particlese2
- Qualifier
- never observed on membranes of chloroplasts and microbodiese3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“mesophyll cells from Glycine max, Merr”
e1“A series of ultrastructural changes were observed in soybean leaves fumigated with 40 to 50 ppb of hydrogen fluoride”
e2“Numerous small electron dense particles were found on various types of membranes in cells of severely chlorotic leaves”
e3“were never observed on membranes of chloroplasts and microbodies”
The same questions in other papers
hydrogen fluoride · molecular: metabolites · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
solarization · molecular: metabolites · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
solarization · symbiosis · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.