Abstract
This study was conducted over three growing seasons (2020/21, 2021/22, and 2022/23) at Shandaweel Agric. Res. Stat., Agri. Res. Cent., Egypt. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of direct selection for grain yield plant-1 and indirect selection for each of spike number plant-1 and 100-kernel weight to improve grain yield and produce new high yielding durum wheat lines. Two pedigree selection cycles were applied from the F2 to F4 generations, focusing on grain yield plant-1, spike number plant-1, and 100-kernel weight, under optimal growing conditions. The findings revealed that the phenotypic variance marginally exceeded the genotypic variance, and both generally declined from (F2) to (F4) generation. Following two pedigree selection cycles, broad sense and realized heritability estimates for grain yield plant-1 attained 78.73 and 48.63%, respectively. Similarly, the heritability estimates were 97.29% and 46.14% for the spike number plant-1 and 91.51% and 61.90% for the weight of 100 kernels. The observed gain following two direct pedigree selection cycles were 11.12 and 8.45% for grain yield plant-1, 5.23 and 2.11% with indirect selection for spike number plant-1 and 7.57 and 10.39% with indirect selection for 100-kernel weight in comparison with the bulk sample and the superior parent, respectively.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Phenotypic variance marginally exceeded genotypic variance.
- Taxon
- durum wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durumt0 - Outcome
- phenotypic variancee0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Comparator
- genotypic variancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the phenotypic variance marginally exceeded the genotypic variance”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenotypic and genotypic variance generally declined from F2 to F4.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- phenotypic variancee1
- Direction
- declinede0
- Qualifier
- (F4) generatione0
- Comparator
- (F2)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both generally declined from (F2) to (F4) generation”
t0“Durum Wheat”
e1“phenotypic variance”
Claim · model-written summary
Broad-sense heritability for grain yield per plant reached 78.73%.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- broad sensee0
- Value
- 78.73 and 48.63%e0
- Qualifier
- grain yield plant-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“broad sense and realized heritability estimates for grain yield plant-1 attained 78.73 and 48.63%, respectively”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Realized heritability for grain yield per plant reached 48.63%.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- realized heritabilitye0
- Value
- 48.63%e0
- Qualifier
- grain yield plant-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“broad sense and realized heritability estimates for grain yield plant-1 attained 78.73 and 48.63%, respectively”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Broad-sense heritability for spike number per plant was 97.29%.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- spike number plant-1e0
- Value
- 97.29%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heritability estimates were 97.29% and 46.14% for the spike number plant-1”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Realized heritability for spike number per plant was 46.14%.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- spike number plant-1e0
- Value
- 46.14%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heritability estimates were 97.29% and 46.14% for the spike number plant-1”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Broad-sense heritability for 100-kernel weight was 91.51%.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- weight of 100 kernelse0
- Value
- 91.51%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“91.51% and 61.90% for the weight of 100 kernels”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Realized heritability for 100-kernel weight was 61.90%.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- weight of 100 kernelse0
- Value
- 61.90%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“91.51% and 61.90% for the weight of 100 kernels”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct selection increased grain yield per plant by 11.12% relative to bulk.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- direct pedigree selection cyclese1
- Outcome
- grain yield plant-1e0
- Direction
- gaine3
- Value
- 11.12 and 8.45%e0
- Comparator
- bulk samplee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“11.12 and 8.45% for grain yield plant-1”
t0“Durum Wheat”
e1“direct pedigree selection cycles”
e2“bulk sample”
e3“gain”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct selection increased grain yield per plant by 8.45% relative to the superior parent.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- direct pedigree selection cyclese1
- Outcome
- grain yield plant-1e0
- Direction
- gaine3
- Value
- 8.45%e0
- Comparator
- superior parente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“11.12 and 8.45% for grain yield plant-1”
t0“Durum Wheat”
e1“direct pedigree selection cycles”
e2“superior parent”
e3“gain”
Claim · model-written summary
Indirect selection on spike number increased yield by 5.23% relative to bulk.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- indirect selection for spike number plant-1e0
- Outcome
- grain yield plant-1e1
- Direction
- gaine3
- Value
- 5.23 and 2.11%e0
- Comparator
- bulk samplee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“5.23 and 2.11% with indirect selection for spike number plant-1”
t0“Durum Wheat”
e1“The observed gain following two direct pedigree selection cycles were 11.12 and 8.45% for grain yield plant-1”
e2“bulk sample”
e3“gain”
Claim · model-written summary
Indirect selection on spike number increased yield by 2.11% relative to the superior parent.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- indirect selection for spike number plant-1e0
- Outcome
- grain yield plant-1e1
- Direction
- gaine3
- Value
- 2.11%e0
- Comparator
- superior parente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“5.23 and 2.11% with indirect selection for spike number plant-1”
t0“Durum Wheat”
e1“The observed gain following two direct pedigree selection cycles were 11.12 and 8.45% for grain yield plant-1”
e2“superior parent”
e3“gain”
Claim · model-written summary
Indirect selection on 100-kernel weight increased yield by 7.57% relative to bulk.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- indirect selection for 100-kernel weighte0
- Outcome
- grain yield plant-1e1
- Direction
- gaine3
- Value
- 7.57 and 10.39%e0
- Comparator
- bulk samplee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“7.57 and 10.39% with indirect selection for 100-kernel weight”
t0“Durum Wheat”
e1“The observed gain following two direct pedigree selection cycles were 11.12 and 8.45% for grain yield plant-1”
e2“bulk sample”
e3“gain”
Claim · model-written summary
Indirect selection on 100-kernel weight increased yield by 10.39% relative to the superior parent.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- indirect selection for 100-kernel weighte0
- Outcome
- grain yield plant-1e1
- Direction
- gaine3
- Value
- 10.39%e0
- Comparator
- superior parente2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“7.57 and 10.39% with indirect selection for 100-kernel weight”
t0“Durum Wheat”
e1“The observed gain following two direct pedigree selection cycles were 11.12 and 8.45% for grain yield plant-1”
e2“superior parent”
e3“gain”