Abstract
Abstract Cadmium (Cd), being one of the most toxic elements, exerts negative effects on plant growth and development. Ethylene (ET) has a prime significance in abiotic stress-induced cellular modulations and regulation of plant development. In the present study, seeds of a Cd-tolerant (NM-98) and -sensitive (NM-28) genotype were primed using 50 µM ACC (ET precursor 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) and ET inhibitors (1 mM AVG/aminoethoxyvinylglycine, 0.5 mM PZA/pyrazinamide or 0.25 mM AgNO 3 /silver nitrate). Subsequently, these were allowed to grow in soil containing 0 or 50 µM CdCl 2 . After germination, ACC, AVG, PZA or AgNO 3 was again applied, accordingly, as foliar spray. In NM-98, application of ACC resulted in reduced root fresh (38%) and dry (38%) weight, shoot fresh weight (39%), total phenolics (22%), catalase/CAT and peroxidase/POD activity (21% and 16%, respectively) under Cd stress. Contrarily, application of inhibitors (AVG, PZA and AgNO 3 ), under Cd stress, improved plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, total phenolics, total soluble proteins, activity of CAT and POD in NM-98 as compared to NM-28 genotype that exhibited opposite response. It was concluded that contrasting modulations observed in NM-98 and NM-28 towards exogenous ACC (or inhibitors) was linked with Cd-tolerance level of the two genotypes where exogenous ACC likely significantly raised endogenous ET level in NM-98 leading to disrupted antioxidants status and reduced growth. However, AVG, PZA and AgNO 3 maintained ET levels and thus NM-98 exhibited less oxidative stress. Meanwhile, exogenous ACC assisted growth of NM-28 in Cd-stressed soil by modulating the antioxidative defence mechanism, possibly by maintaining endogenous ET concentrations. Further molecular-level research is recommended to investigate the underlying mechanisms associated with each component of ET biosynthesis.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
ACC reduced root fresh by 38% in NM-98 under Cd stress.
- Taxon
- mungbean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Material
- NM-98e0
- Treatment
- application of ACCe0
- Outcome
- root freshe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 38%e0
- Qualifier
- under Cd stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In NM-98, application of ACC resulted in reduced root fresh (38%) and dry (38%) weight, shoot fresh weight (39%), total phenolics (22%), catalase/CAT and peroxidase/POD activity (21% and 16%, respectively) under Cd stress.”
t0“Deciphering morphological and biochemical modulations in mungbean by application of ethylene precursor and inhibitors under cadmium stress”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC reduced dry by 38% in NM-98 under Cd stress.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Material
- NM-98e0
- Treatment
- application of ACCe0
- Outcome
- drye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 38%e0
- Qualifier
- under Cd stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In NM-98, application of ACC resulted in reduced root fresh (38%) and dry (38%) weight, shoot fresh weight (39%), total phenolics (22%), catalase/CAT and peroxidase/POD activity (21% and 16%, respectively) under Cd stress.”
t0“Deciphering morphological and biochemical modulations in mungbean by application of ethylene precursor and inhibitors under cadmium stress”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC reduced shoot fresh weight by 39% in NM-98 under Cd stress.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Material
- NM-98e0
- Treatment
- application of ACCe0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 39%e0
- Qualifier
- under Cd stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In NM-98, application of ACC resulted in reduced root fresh (38%) and dry (38%) weight, shoot fresh weight (39%), total phenolics (22%), catalase/CAT and peroxidase/POD activity (21% and 16%, respectively) under Cd stress.”
t0“Deciphering morphological and biochemical modulations in mungbean by application of ethylene precursor and inhibitors under cadmium stress”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC reduced total phenolics by 22% in NM-98 under Cd stress.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Material
- NM-98e0
- Treatment
- application of ACCe0
- Outcome
- total phenolicse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 22%e0
- Qualifier
- under Cd stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In NM-98, application of ACC resulted in reduced root fresh (38%) and dry (38%) weight, shoot fresh weight (39%), total phenolics (22%), catalase/CAT and peroxidase/POD activity (21% and 16%, respectively) under Cd stress.”
t0“Deciphering morphological and biochemical modulations in mungbean by application of ethylene precursor and inhibitors under cadmium stress”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC reduced catalase/CAT by 21% in NM-98 under Cd stress.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Material
- NM-98e0
- Treatment
- application of ACCe0
- Outcome
- catalase/CATe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 21%e0
- Qualifier
- under Cd stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In NM-98, application of ACC resulted in reduced root fresh (38%) and dry (38%) weight, shoot fresh weight (39%), total phenolics (22%), catalase/CAT and peroxidase/POD activity (21% and 16%, respectively) under Cd stress.”
t0“Deciphering morphological and biochemical modulations in mungbean by application of ethylene precursor and inhibitors under cadmium stress”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC reduced peroxidase/POD activity by 16% in NM-98 under Cd stress.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Material
- NM-98e0
- Treatment
- application of ACCe0
- Outcome
- peroxidase/POD activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 16%e0
- Qualifier
- under Cd stresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In NM-98, application of ACC resulted in reduced root fresh (38%) and dry (38%) weight, shoot fresh weight (39%), total phenolics (22%), catalase/CAT and peroxidase/POD activity (21% and 16%, respectively) under Cd stress.”
t0“Deciphering morphological and biochemical modulations in mungbean by application of ethylene precursor and inhibitors under cadmium stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitors improved plant biomass in NM-98 under Cd stress, while NM-28 had the opposite response.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Material
- NM-98e0
- Treatment
- inhibitors (AVG, PZA and AgNO 3 )e0
- Outcome
- plant biomasse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under Cd stresse0
- Comparator
- NM-28 genotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Contrarily, application of inhibitors (AVG, PZA and AgNO 3 ), under Cd stress, improved plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, total phenolics, total soluble proteins, activity of CAT and POD in NM-98 as compared to NM-28 genotype that exhibited opposite response.”
t0“Deciphering morphological and biochemical modulations in mungbean by application of ethylene precursor and inhibitors under cadmium stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitors improved photosynthetic pigments in NM-98 under Cd stress, while NM-28 had the opposite response.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Material
- NM-98e0
- Treatment
- inhibitors (AVG, PZA and AgNO 3 )e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under Cd stresse0
- Comparator
- NM-28 genotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Contrarily, application of inhibitors (AVG, PZA and AgNO 3 ), under Cd stress, improved plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, total phenolics, total soluble proteins, activity of CAT and POD in NM-98 as compared to NM-28 genotype that exhibited opposite response.”
t0“Deciphering morphological and biochemical modulations in mungbean by application of ethylene precursor and inhibitors under cadmium stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitors improved total phenolics in NM-98 under Cd stress, while NM-28 had the opposite response.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Material
- NM-98e0
- Treatment
- inhibitors (AVG, PZA and AgNO 3 )e0
- Outcome
- total phenolicse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under Cd stresse0
- Comparator
- NM-28 genotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Contrarily, application of inhibitors (AVG, PZA and AgNO 3 ), under Cd stress, improved plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, total phenolics, total soluble proteins, activity of CAT and POD in NM-98 as compared to NM-28 genotype that exhibited opposite response.”
t0“Deciphering morphological and biochemical modulations in mungbean by application of ethylene precursor and inhibitors under cadmium stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitors improved total soluble proteins in NM-98 under Cd stress, while NM-28 had the opposite response.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Material
- NM-98e0
- Treatment
- inhibitors (AVG, PZA and AgNO 3 )e0
- Outcome
- total soluble proteinse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under Cd stresse0
- Comparator
- NM-28 genotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Contrarily, application of inhibitors (AVG, PZA and AgNO 3 ), under Cd stress, improved plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, total phenolics, total soluble proteins, activity of CAT and POD in NM-98 as compared to NM-28 genotype that exhibited opposite response.”
t0“Deciphering morphological and biochemical modulations in mungbean by application of ethylene precursor and inhibitors under cadmium stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitors improved activity of CAT and POD in NM-98 under Cd stress, while NM-28 had the opposite response.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Material
- NM-98e0
- Treatment
- inhibitors (AVG, PZA and AgNO 3 )e0
- Outcome
- activity of CAT and PODe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- under Cd stresse0
- Comparator
- NM-28 genotypee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Contrarily, application of inhibitors (AVG, PZA and AgNO 3 ), under Cd stress, improved plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, total phenolics, total soluble proteins, activity of CAT and POD in NM-98 as compared to NM-28 genotype that exhibited opposite response.”
t0“Deciphering morphological and biochemical modulations in mungbean by application of ethylene precursor and inhibitors under cadmium stress”
The same questions in other papers
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid · growth · Vigna radiata (mung bean)Positive and negative results
4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.