Abstract
ABSTRACT Frangipani ( Plumeria spp.: Apocynaceae) is a small ornamental tree native to Mexico, susceptible to significant diseases such as anthracnose and foliar blight in hot, dry environments. Understanding the diversity of pathogens responsible for these diseases is crucial for developing effective disease management strategies. This study aimed to identify the pathogens responsible for these diseases. In February 2020 and 2021, symptoms of anthracnose and foliar blight were observed on frangipani plants in recreational areas of Morelos and Sinaloa, Mexico. Isolations from diseased leaf tissue resulted in the recovery of 12 Colletotrichum isolates from P. rubra and 18 Alternaria isolates from P. obtusa . After morphotype grouping, a representative isolate from each group was identified by morphology and phylogenetic reconstruction (ITS, act , gapdh , rpb2 and tef1 ) as Colletotrichum karstii , Colletotrichum siamense , Alternaria destruens and Alternaria burnsii . For pathogenicity testing, a conidial suspension was sprayed onto the leaves of 90‐day‐old plants, while control plants were sprayed with sterile distilled water. All inoculated fungi were pathogenic, reproducing the characteristic symptoms of the disease, while control plants remained symptomless. The fungi recovered from symptomatic plants were morphologically identical to the inoculated fungi, fulfilling Koch's postulates. This is the first report of A. burnsii and A. destruens causing foliar blight in P. obtusa , and C. siamense and C. karstii causing anthracnose in P. rubra . These findings contribute valuable insights for developing effective disease management strategies.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Twelve Colletotrichum isolates were recovered from diseased P. rubra leaves.
- Taxon
- P. rubra
Plumeria rubrae0 - Interactor
- Colletotrichum
Colletotrichume0pathogen - Outcome
- 12 Colletotrichum isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“recovery of 12 Colletotrichum isolates from P. rubra”
Claim · model-written summary
Eighteen Alternaria isolates were recovered from diseased P. obtusa leaves.
- Taxon
- P. obtusa
Plumeria obtusae0 - Interactor
- Alternaria
Alternariae0pathogen - Outcome
- 18 Alternaria isolatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“18 Alternaria isolates from P. obtusa”
Claim · model-written summary
Colletotrichum karstii was identified among the isolates.
PlumeriaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“identified by morphology and phylogenetic reconstruction (ITS, act , gapdh , rpb2 and tef1 ) as Colletotrichum karstii”
t0“Plumeria spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Colletotrichum siamense was identified among the isolates.
- Interactor
- Colletotrichum siamenseColletotrichum siamensee0pathogen
- Outcome
- Colletotrichum siamensee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Colletotrichum siamense”
t0“Plumeria spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternaria destruens was identified among the isolates.
- Interactor
- Alternaria destruensAlternaria destruense0pathogen
- Outcome
- Alternaria destruense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alternaria destruens”
t0“Plumeria spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternaria burnsii was identified among the isolates.
- Interactor
- Alternaria burnsiiAlternaria burnsiie0pathogen
- Outcome
- Alternaria burnsiie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alternaria burnsii”
t0“Plumeria spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
The inoculated fungi reproduced disease symptoms while control plants remained symptomless.
- Treatment
- inoculated fungie0
- Outcome
- characteristic symptoms of the diseasee0
- Direction
- reproducinge0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All inoculated fungi were pathogenic, reproducing the characteristic symptoms of the disease, while control plants remained symptomless”
t0“Plumeria spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovered fungi matched the inoculated fungi morphologically, fulfilling Koch’s postulates.
- Outcome
- morphologically identical to the inoculated fungie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungi recovered from symptomatic plants were morphologically identical to the inoculated fungi, fulfilling Koch's postulates”
t0“Plumeria spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
A. burnsii was reported causing foliar blight in P. obtusa.
- Taxon
- P. obtusaPlumeria obtusae0
- Interactor
- A. burnsiiAlternaria burnsiie0pathogen
- Outcome
- foliar blighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. burnsii and A. destruens causing foliar blight in P. obtusa”
Claim · model-written summary
A. destruens was reported causing foliar blight in P. obtusa.
- Taxon
- P. obtusaPlumeria obtusae0
- Interactor
- A. destruensAlternaria destruense0pathogen
- Outcome
- foliar blighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. burnsii and A. destruens causing foliar blight in P. obtusa”
Claim · model-written summary
C. siamense was reported causing anthracnose in P. rubra.
- Taxon
- P. rubraPlumeria rubrae0
- Interactor
- C. siamenseColletotrichum siamensee0pathogen
- Outcome
- anthracnosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. siamense and C. karstii causing anthracnose in P. rubra”
Claim · model-written summary
C. karstii was reported causing anthracnose in P. rubra.
- Taxon
- P. rubraPlumeria rubrae0
- Interactor
- C. karstiie0pathogen
- Outcome
- anthracnosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C. siamense and C. karstii causing anthracnose in P. rubra”