Abstract
BACKGROUND: Rice sheath blight (RSB), caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, significantly impacts rice yield and quality. The extensive use of chemical pesticides, while often effective, requires high application rates, causes environmental damage, is expensive, and contributes to the development of pesticide resistance. The lack of reliability and robustness of these conventional techniques necessitates the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices. Identifying novel biological control agents is crucial for developing effective and eco-friendly strategies to manage RSB. RESULTS: This study identifies S. marcescens 85 (Sm85), isolated from rice stems, as a potential biocontrol agent against RSB. Sm85 produces the volatile chemical dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), which has antagonistic activity both in vivo (67.4% effective) and in vitro (97.7% effective). DMDS disrupts pathogen cell membrane integrity by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reducing ergosterol content. The pot experiments demonstrated that DMDS treatment significantly reduces RSB lesion length, with a control effect comparable to commercial fungicides. The high-throughput data revealed that DMDS application alters the phyllosphere microbial community structure, increasing its richness and diversity. Notably, DMDS treatment enriches potentially beneficial bacteria such as Stenotrophomonas and Burkholderia, known for their roles in plant stress tolerance and pesticide degradation. Functional gene analysis reveals an upregulation of sulfur metabolism-related genes in the phyllosphere microbiome, suggesting adaptive responses to DMDS. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the potential of Sm85 and its volatile metabolite DMDS as eco-friendly alternatives for RSB management, while also emphasizing the importance of considering microbial community dynamics in biocontrol strategies. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Serratia marcescens Sm85 from rice stems was identified as a potential rice sheath blight biocontrol agent.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Interactor
- S. marcescens 85 (Sm85)
Serratia marcescense0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- potential biocontrol agent against RSBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This study identifies S. marcescens 85 (Sm85), isolated from rice stems, as a potential biocontrol agent against RSB.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sm85 produced dimethyl disulfide.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- Sm85e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- produces the volatile chemical dimethyl disulfide (DMDS)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sm85 produces the volatile chemical dimethyl disulfide (DMDS)”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Dimethyl disulfide had 67.4% in vivo antagonistic effectiveness.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- antagonistic activitye0
- Value
- 67.4% effectivee0
- Qualifier
- in vivoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which has antagonistic activity both in vivo (67.4% effective) and in vitro (97.7% effective).”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Dimethyl disulfide had 97.7% in vitro antagonistic effectiveness.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- antagonistic activitye0
- Value
- 97.7% effectivee0
- Qualifier
- in vitroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which has antagonistic activity both in vivo (67.4% effective) and in vitro (97.7% effective).”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Dimethyl disulfide increased reactive oxygen species in the pathogen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS) productione0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- pathogen cell membrane integritye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DMDS disrupts pathogen cell membrane integrity by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reducing ergosterol content.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Dimethyl disulfide reduced pathogen ergosterol content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- ergosterol contente0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Qualifier
- pathogen cell membrane integritye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DMDS disrupts pathogen cell membrane integrity by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reducing ergosterol content.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Dimethyl disulfide disrupted pathogen membrane integrity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- pathogen cell membrane integritye0
- Qualifier
- increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reducing ergosterol contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DMDS disrupts pathogen cell membrane integrity by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reducing ergosterol content.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Dimethyl disulfide significantly reduced rice sheath blight lesion length in pots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DMDS treatmente0
- Outcome
- RSB lesion lengthe0
- Direction
- reducese0
- Comparator
- commercial fungicidese0
- Setting
- pot experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pot experiments demonstrated that DMDS treatment significantly reduces RSB lesion length, with a control effect comparable to commercial fungicides.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Dimethyl disulfide control efficacy was comparable to commercial fungicides.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DMDS treatmente0
- Outcome
- control effecte0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- commercial fungicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pot experiments demonstrated that DMDS treatment significantly reduces RSB lesion length, with a control effect comparable to commercial fungicides.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Dimethyl disulfide altered phyllosphere community structure.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DMDS applicatione0
- Outcome
- phyllosphere microbial community structuree0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DMDS application alters the phyllosphere microbial community structure, increasing its richness and diversity.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Dimethyl disulfide increased phyllosphere microbial richness and diversity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DMDS applicatione0
- Outcome
- richness and diversitye0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DMDS application alters the phyllosphere microbial community structure, increasing its richness and diversity.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Dimethyl disulfide enriched Stenotrophomonas.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DMDS treatmente0
- Interactor
- Stenotrophomonas
Stenotrophomonase0symbiont - Outcome
- Stenotrophomonase0
- Direction
- enrichese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DMDS treatment enriches potentially beneficial bacteria such as Stenotrophomonas and Burkholderia”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Dimethyl disulfide enriched Burkholderia.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- DMDS treatmente0
- Interactor
- Burkholderia
Burkholderiae0symbiont - Outcome
- Burkholderiae0
- Direction
- enrichese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DMDS treatment enriches potentially beneficial bacteria such as Stenotrophomonas and Burkholderia”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur metabolism related genes were upregulated in the phyllosphere microbiome.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- sulfur metabolism-related genese0
- Outcome
- upregulation of sulfur metabolism-related genese0
- Direction
- upregulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Functional gene analysis reveals an upregulation of sulfur metabolism-related genes in the phyllosphere microbiome”
t0“rice”