Abstract
In vitro culture is essential for propagating F1 cultivar parents and vegetatively propagated gentian cultivars. In vitro overwintering bud (OWB) formation is also crucial to maintain and propagate these plants. This study examined the effects of temperature, medium composition, and photoperiod on in vitro growth, including OWB formation, using Gentiana triflora and G. scabra as model species in leaf cultures, a practical propagation method. The growth parameters of the G. triflora line TY1-11-4-9 were assessed under different temperature and sugar composition conditions, revealing positive and negative correlations between OWB and rosette-shaped shoot (RSS) formation and between OWB and flower bud formation, respectively. Consequently, further investigations focused on these growth parameters. Temperature effects on four cultivars/lines revealed interspecific differences: at all temperatures, G. triflora had a higher rate of flower bud formation than G. scabra, whereas G. scabra showed increased OWB and RSS formation. Culturing under low temperature (15°C/15°C: regeneration stage/OWB induction stage, which was also applicable below) conditions, which may be impractical owing to slow growth effects, suppressed flower bud formation in G. triflora, but promoted RSS and OWB formation. Similar effects, albeit milder, were observed at 20°C/15°C, and these conditions were further explored as a practical method combined with other treatments to induce OWB formation. The medium sugar composition had negligible effects on in vitro growth, whereas gibberellin at 1.0 mg·L−1 in the medium composition suppressed OWB and RSS formation in G. scabra. Photoperiod variations affected several growth parameters, with a 12-h photoperiod promoting a high rate of OWB formation in the G. triflora line TY1-11-4-9. In conclusion, low-temperature treatments after a certain amount of growth, along with combined treatments such as photoperiod adjustments and gibberellin inhibitor administration, show promise for promoting OWB formation in gentians. Furthermore, the interspecific differences observed in flower bud formation, RSS production, and OWB formation contribute to a better understanding of gentian physiology and genetics.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
OWB and rosette-shaped shoot formation were positively correlated in the G. triflora line.
- Taxon
- G. triflora
Gentiana triflorae1 - Material
- TY1-11-4-9e1
- Outcome
- OWB and rosette-shaped shoot (RSS) formatione0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“positive and negative correlations between OWB and rosette-shaped shoot (RSS) formation and between OWB and flower bud formation, respectively”
e1“The growth parameters of the G. triflora line TY1-11-4-9”
Claim · model-written summary
OWB and flower bud formation were negatively correlated in the G. triflora line.
- Taxon
- G. trifloraGentiana triflorae1
- Material
- TY1-11-4-9e1
- Outcome
- OWB and flower bud formatione0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“positive and negative correlations between OWB and rosette-shaped shoot (RSS) formation and between OWB and flower bud formation, respectively”
e1“The growth parameters of the G. triflora line TY1-11-4-9”
Claim · model-written summary
G. triflora had a higher flower bud formation rate than G. scabra at all temperatures.
- Taxon
- G. trifloraGentiana triflorae0
- Outcome
- rate of flower bud formatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- G. scabrae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at all temperatures, G. triflora had a higher rate of flower bud formation than G. scabra”
Claim · model-written summary
G. scabra showed increased OWB and RSS formation.
- Taxon
- G. scabra
Gentiana scabrae0 - Outcome
- OWB and RSS formatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas G. scabra showed increased OWB and RSS formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature suppressed flower bud formation in G. triflora.
- Taxon
- G. trifloraGentiana triflorae0
- Treatment
- low temperature (15°C/15°C: regeneration stage/OWB induction stage, which was also applicable below) conditionse0
- Outcome
- flower bud formatione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Qualifier
- may be impractical owing to slow growth effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Culturing under low temperature (15°C/15°C: regeneration stage/OWB induction stage, which was also applicable below) conditions, which may be impractical owing to slow growth effects, suppressed flower bud formation in G. triflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Low temperature promoted RSS and OWB formation in G. triflora.
- Taxon
- G. trifloraGentiana triflorae0
- Treatment
- low temperature (15°C/15°C: regeneration stage/OWB induction stage, which was also applicable below) conditionse0
- Outcome
- RSS and OWB formatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Culturing under low temperature (15°C/15°C: regeneration stage/OWB induction stage, which was also applicable below) conditions, which may be impractical owing to slow growth effects, suppressed flower bud formation in G. triflora, but promoted RSS and OWB formation”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature at 20°C/15°C had similar but milder effects on these growth parameters.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Similar effects, albeit milder, were observed at 20°C/15°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium sugar composition had negligible effects on in vitro growth.
GentianaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The medium sugar composition had negligible effects on in vitro growth”
t0“Gentian Leaf Culture”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin at 1.0 mg·L−1 suppressed OWB and RSS formation in G. scabra.
- Taxon
- G. scabraGentiana scabrae0
- Treatment
- gibberellin at 1.0 mg·L−1e0
- Outcome
- OWB and RSS formatione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gibberellin at 1.0 mg·L−1 in the medium composition suppressed OWB and RSS formation in G. scabra”
Claim · model-written summary
A 12-h photoperiod promoted a high OWB formation rate in the G. triflora line.
- Taxon
- G. trifloraGentiana triflorae0
- Material
- TY1-11-4-9e0
- Treatment
- 12-h photoperiode0
- Outcome
- rate of OWB formatione0
- Direction
- promotinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 12-h photoperiod promoting a high rate of OWB formation in the G. triflora line TY1-11-4-9”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-temperature treatment after growth with photoperiod adjustment and gibberellin inhibitor may promote OWB formation in gentians.
- Treatment
- low-temperature treatments after a certain amount of growthe0
- Outcome
- promoting OWB formatione0
- Qualifier
- show promisee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low-temperature treatments after a certain amount of growth, along with combined treatments such as photoperiod adjustments and gibberellin inhibitor administration, show promise for promoting OWB formation in gentians”