Abstract
Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi enhance plant flowering and fruiting by improving nutrient and water uptake. The aim of this study was to evaluate how AM fungal colonization percentage and edaphic factors, modulate flowering and fruiting in secondary vegetation (SV) species with different biological traits, in a temperate forest. We conducted the research in four sites at two elevation intervals in a temperate forest in Mexico, focusing on three SV species. We recorded flower, fruit and AM fungal colonization percentages during the rainy and the dry season. Soil was collected from the rhizosphere of each SV species to determine organic matter (OM), pH, relative soil moisture (RSM), available phosphorus (Ava-P) and nitrogen (Ava-N). The AM fungal colonization, flower and fruit percentages showed interspecific and temporal variations. Structural equation models showed that flowering was positively influenced by RSM in Acaena elongata and negatively influenced by AN in Solanum pubigerum . Fruiting was positively influenced by AM fungal colonization and negatively by AP in A. elongata , with a relevant indirect effect of OM. In S. pubigerum , the effect of AM fungal colonization was slightly positive, while AN and pH had a greater effect on fruiting. While in Ageratina glabrata the effect of AM fungal colonization on fructification was not evident. The study highlights the critical role of AM fungal colonization and soil properties such as OM, pH and N in flower and fruit production, which depend on the biological traits of the host plant species.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Colonization, flowering and fruiting varied among species and over time.
Verbatim
e0“The AM fungal colonization, flower and fruit percentages showed interspecific and temporal variations.”
t0“secondary vegetation species”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative soil moisture positively influenced Acaena elongata flowering.
- Taxon
- Acaena elongata
Acaena elongatae0 - Outcome
- flowering was positively influenced by RSM in Acaena elongatae0
- Direction
- positivelye0
- Qualifier
- RSMe0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flowering was positively influenced by RSM in Acaena elongata”
Claim · model-written summary
Available nitrogen negatively influenced Solanum pubigerum flowering.
- Taxon
- Solanum pubigerum
Solanum pubigerume0 - Outcome
- negatively influenced by AN in Solanum pubigerume0
- Direction
- negativelye0
- Qualifier
- ANe0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negatively influenced by AN in Solanum pubigerum”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal colonization positively influenced Acaena elongata fruiting.
- Taxon
- A. elongataAcaena elongatae0
- Interactor
- AM fungale0symbiont
- Outcome
- Fruiting was positively influenced by AM fungal colonization and negatively by AP in A. elongatae0
- Direction
- positivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruiting was positively influenced by AM fungal colonization and negatively by AP in A. elongata”
Claim · model-written summary
Available phosphorus negatively influenced Acaena elongata fruiting.
- Taxon
- A. elongataAcaena elongatae0
- Outcome
- Fruiting was positively influenced by AM fungal colonization and negatively by AP in A. elongatae0
- Direction
- negativelye0
- Qualifier
- APe0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruiting was positively influenced by AM fungal colonization and negatively by AP in A. elongata”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic matter had an indirect effect on Acaena elongata fruiting.
- Taxon
- Acaena elongataAcaena elongatat0
- Outcome
- with a relevant indirect effect of OMe0
- Qualifier
- OMe0
Not reportedSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with a relevant indirect effect of OM”
t0“Acaena elongata”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal colonization had a slightly positive effect on Solanum pubigerum fruiting.
- Taxon
- S. pubigerumSolanum pubigerume0
- Interactor
- AM fungale0symbiont
- Outcome
- In S. pubigerum , the effect of AM fungal colonization was slightly positivee0
- Direction
- slightly positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In S. pubigerum , the effect of AM fungal colonization was slightly positive”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen and pH had greater effects on Solanum pubigerum fruiting.
- Taxon
- S. pubigerumSolanum pubigerumt0
- Outcome
- AN and pH had a greater effect on fruitinge0
- Qualifier
- AN and pHe0
Not reportedSettingDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AN and pH had a greater effect on fruiting”
t0“S. pubigerum”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal colonization had no evident effect on Ageratina glabrata fructification.
- Taxon
- Ageratina glabrata
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Ageratina glabratae0 - Interactor
- AM fungale0symbiont
- Outcome
- in Ageratina glabrata the effect of AM fungal colonization on fructification was not evidente0
- Direction
- not evidente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“in Ageratina glabrata the effect of AM fungal colonization on fructification was not evident”