Abstract
Objective: This study aims to screen brewing sorghum materials from sorghum germplasm resources and conduct differential analysis, in order to address the issues of cultivar degradation and varietal homogenization. Methods: UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics was employed to analyze primary metabolites in five sorghum cultivars. Multivariate statistical methods, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA), were used in combination with metabolic pathway enrichment analysis to systematically explore the effects of varietal differences on sorghum primary metabolite profiles. Results: A total of 503 metabolites were detected in this study. Statistical analyses indicated that sorghum cultivar had a significant influence on both the composition and abundance of metabolites. The OPLS-DA model revealed distinct clustering among the cultivar samples, suggesting that primary metabolic profiles exhibit cultivar specificity. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis further revealed that the metabolic differences among cultivars were mainly concentrated in pathways related to amino acids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, with changes in flavonoid compounds being particularly prominent. This study not only provides a metabolomic basis for sorghum cultivar identification, but also offers scientific reference for sorghum cultivation and the breeding of brewing-specific cultivars. Conclusion: Based on UPLC-MS/MS metabolomics technology, this study analyzed the primary metabolites of five sorghum cultivars and detected a total of 503 metabolites. Comparative analyses among samples from different regions (hyz vs. jinl, hyz vs. jinnl, hyz vs. lnh, hyz vs. lz19, jinl vs. lz19, jinnl vs. jinl, jinnl vs. lz19, lnh vs. jinl, lnh vs. jinnl, lnh vs. lz19) identified 175, 179, 152, 175, 123, 187, 153, 194, 220, and 170 significantly different metabolites, respectively, indicating substantial differences in metabolic profiles among sorghum cultivars. Further analysis showed that varietal differences significantly affected metabolite composition and relative abundance, and these specific metabolites may serve as potential biomarkers for cultivar identification. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that flavonoid biosynthesis was the major differential metabolic pathway, with particularly notable changes in flavonoid compounds. These findings suggest that flavonoid metabolism plays a key role in cultivar-specific metabolic regulation and provides valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying sorghum quality formation.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
The study detected 503 metabolites in sorghum cultivars.
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this study analyzed the primary metabolites of five sorghum cultivars and detected a total of 503 metabolites.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum cultivar significantly affected metabolite composition and abundance.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sorghum cultivar had a significant influence on both the composition and abundance of metabolites.”
Claim · model-written summary
OPLS-DA separated sorghum cultivar samples into distinct clusters.
Verbatim
e0“The OPLS-DA model revealed distinct clustering among the cultivar samples”
Claim · model-written summary
Metabolic differences among cultivars concentrated in amino acid, flavonoid and phenolic acid pathways, particularly flavonoids.
Verbatim
e0“the metabolic differences among cultivars were mainly concentrated in pathways related to amino acids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, with changes in flavonoid compounds being particularly prominent.”
Claim · model-written summary
The hyz vs. jinl comparison identified 175 significantly different metabolites.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Comparative analyses among samples from different regions (hyz vs. jinl, hyz vs. jinnl, hyz vs. lnh, hyz vs. lz19, jinl vs. lz19, jinnl vs. jinl, jinnl vs. lz19, lnh vs. jinl, lnh vs. jinnl, lnh vs. lz19) identified 175, 179, 152, 175, 123, 187, 153, 194, 220, and 170 significantly different metabolites, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The hyz vs. jinnl comparison identified 179 significantly different metabolites.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Comparative analyses among samples from different regions (hyz vs. jinl, hyz vs. jinnl, hyz vs. lnh, hyz vs. lz19, jinl vs. lz19, jinnl vs. jinl, jinnl vs. lz19, lnh vs. jinl, lnh vs. jinnl, lnh vs. lz19) identified 175, 179, 152, 175, 123, 187, 153, 194, 220, and 170 significantly different metabolites, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The hyz vs. lnh comparison identified 152 significantly different metabolites.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Comparative analyses among samples from different regions (hyz vs. jinl, hyz vs. jinnl, hyz vs. lnh, hyz vs. lz19, jinl vs. lz19, jinnl vs. jinl, jinnl vs. lz19, lnh vs. jinl, lnh vs. jinnl, lnh vs. lz19) identified 175, 179, 152, 175, 123, 187, 153, 194, 220, and 170 significantly different metabolites, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The hyz vs. lz19 comparison identified 175 significantly different metabolites.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Comparative analyses among samples from different regions (hyz vs. jinl, hyz vs. jinnl, hyz vs. lnh, hyz vs. lz19, jinl vs. lz19, jinnl vs. jinl, jinnl vs. lz19, lnh vs. jinl, lnh vs. jinnl, lnh vs. lz19) identified 175, 179, 152, 175, 123, 187, 153, 194, 220, and 170 significantly different metabolites, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The jinl vs. lz19 comparison identified 123 significantly different metabolites.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Comparative analyses among samples from different regions (hyz vs. jinl, hyz vs. jinnl, hyz vs. lnh, hyz vs. lz19, jinl vs. lz19, jinnl vs. jinl, jinnl vs. lz19, lnh vs. jinl, lnh vs. jinnl, lnh vs. lz19) identified 175, 179, 152, 175, 123, 187, 153, 194, 220, and 170 significantly different metabolites, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The jinnl vs. jinl comparison identified 187 significantly different metabolites.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Comparative analyses among samples from different regions (hyz vs. jinl, hyz vs. jinnl, hyz vs. lnh, hyz vs. lz19, jinl vs. lz19, jinnl vs. jinl, jinnl vs. lz19, lnh vs. jinl, lnh vs. jinnl, lnh vs. lz19) identified 175, 179, 152, 175, 123, 187, 153, 194, 220, and 170 significantly different metabolites, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The jinnl vs. lz19 comparison identified 153 significantly different metabolites.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Comparative analyses among samples from different regions (hyz vs. jinl, hyz vs. jinnl, hyz vs. lnh, hyz vs. lz19, jinl vs. lz19, jinnl vs. jinl, jinnl vs. lz19, lnh vs. jinl, lnh vs. jinnl, lnh vs. lz19) identified 175, 179, 152, 175, 123, 187, 153, 194, 220, and 170 significantly different metabolites, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The lnh vs. jinl comparison identified 194 significantly different metabolites.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Comparative analyses among samples from different regions (hyz vs. jinl, hyz vs. jinnl, hyz vs. lnh, hyz vs. lz19, jinl vs. lz19, jinnl vs. jinl, jinnl vs. lz19, lnh vs. jinl, lnh vs. jinnl, lnh vs. lz19) identified 175, 179, 152, 175, 123, 187, 153, 194, 220, and 170 significantly different metabolites, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The lnh vs. jinnl comparison identified 220 significantly different metabolites.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Comparative analyses among samples from different regions (hyz vs. jinl, hyz vs. jinnl, hyz vs. lnh, hyz vs. lz19, jinl vs. lz19, jinnl vs. jinl, jinnl vs. lz19, lnh vs. jinl, lnh vs. jinnl, lnh vs. lz19) identified 175, 179, 152, 175, 123, 187, 153, 194, 220, and 170 significantly different metabolites, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The lnh vs. lz19 comparison identified 170 significantly different metabolites.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Comparative analyses among samples from different regions (hyz vs. jinl, hyz vs. jinnl, hyz vs. lnh, hyz vs. lz19, jinl vs. lz19, jinnl vs. jinl, jinnl vs. lz19, lnh vs. jinl, lnh vs. jinnl, lnh vs. lz19) identified 175, 179, 152, 175, 123, 187, 153, 194, 220, and 170 significantly different metabolites, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoid biosynthesis was the major differential metabolic pathway among sorghum cultivars.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“flavonoid biosynthesis was the major differential metabolic pathway”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose specific metabolites as potential biomarkers for sorghum cultivar identification.
- Outcome
- potential biomarkers for cultivar identificatione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“these specific metabolites may serve as potential biomarkers for cultivar identification.”