Abstract
ABSTRACT The use of alternative waste products as organic soil amendments has become increasingly important for researchers and the industrial sector, as they promote environmental protection and sustainable development. The objective of this study was to assess phytotoxicity of different pulp industry sludge rates applied to two soils as soil amendment, based on their effects on seed germination and radicle elongation of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum). The pulp industry sludge rates applied were 1.31, 1.57, 2.61, 3.27, 3.92, and 5.23 Mg ha-1, based on soil liming requirements. Absorbent paper and soil without sludge application were used as control treatments. The bioassay was conducted by sowing 20 seeds in 15 g of soil, which were maintained in a germination chamber at 25 °C for 7 days (T. aestivum) and 14 days (F. arundinacea) with a 12-hour photoperiod. Relative germination percentage, relative root growth, germination index, normalized residual germination, and normalized residual root elongation were evaluated. The results highlight the potential of using pulp industry sludge as an organic soil amendment, as it showed significant improvements in germination and root elongation for F. arundinacea. Although phytotoxicity was observed in T. aestivum seeds at lower sludge rates, the toxic effect decreased at higher rates, indicating that the use of pulp industry sludge is promising for agricultural and environmental applications.
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Claims 3
Claim · model-written summary
Sludge significantly improved fescue germination and root elongation.
- Taxon
- F. arundinacea
Lolium arundinaceume0 - Outcome
- germination and root elongatione0
- Direction
- improvementse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it showed significant improvements in germination and root elongation for F. arundinacea”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower sludge rates were phytotoxic to wheat seeds.
- Taxon
- T. aestivum
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- lower sludge ratese0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirectionValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phytotoxicity was observed in T. aestivum seeds at lower sludge rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytotoxicity in wheat decreased at higher sludge rates.
Not reportedTaxonComparatorValue
Verbatim
e0“the toxic effect decreased at higher rates”
The same questions in other papers
organic · crop injury · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.