Abstract
Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.), a vital rabi oilseed crop in India, faces significant productivity constraints due to water stress and nutrient limitations, particularly in semi-arid regions like Rajasthan. This study was conducted during the Rabi 2024–25 season at the Agronomy Farm, Nirwan University, Jaipur, to evaluate the impact of hydrogel and foliar-applied agro-chemicals (thiourea, salicylic acid, and NPK 19:19:19) on the growth, physiological parameters, and yield of mustard. The experiment, laid out in a factorial randomized block design with 16 treatment combinations and three replications, revealed that hydrogel application at 7.5 kg/ha significantly improved plant height (194.0 cm), dry matter accumulation (257.5 g/m), branching, chlorophyll content (3.26 mg/g), and seed yield (1829 kg/ha) compared to control. Similarly, foliar spray of thiourea @ 500 ppm consistently enhanced growth and yield attributes, recording the highest CGR (8.3 g/m²/day), RGR (74.9 mg/g/day), and seed yield (1820 kg/ha), followed by salicylic acid and NPK treatments. The results underscore the efficacy of hydrogel and stress-alleviating foliar sprays in improving water-use efficiency, physiological resilience, and mustard productivity under water-limited conditions. The integration of these technologies presents a sustainable approach to address abiotic stress in oilseed production systems.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel at 7.5 kg/ha significantly improved plant height to 194.0 cm versus control.
- Taxon
- Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Brassica junceat0 - Treatment
- hydrogel application at 7.5 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 194.0 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydrogel application at 7.5 kg/ha significantly improved plant height (194.0 cm), dry matter accumulation (257.5 g/m), branching, chlorophyll content (3.26 mg/g), and seed yield (1829 kg/ha) compared to control”
t0“Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel improved dry matter accumulation to 257.5 g/m versus control.
- Taxon
- Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- hydrogel application at 7.5 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 257.5 g/me0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydrogel application at 7.5 kg/ha significantly improved plant height (194.0 cm), dry matter accumulation (257.5 g/m), branching, chlorophyll content (3.26 mg/g), and seed yield (1829 kg/ha) compared to control”
t0“Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel improved branching versus control.
- Taxon
- Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- hydrogel application at 7.5 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- branchinge0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydrogel application at 7.5 kg/ha significantly improved plant height (194.0 cm), dry matter accumulation (257.5 g/m), branching, chlorophyll content (3.26 mg/g), and seed yield (1829 kg/ha) compared to control”
t0“Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel improved chlorophyll content to 3.26 mg/g versus control.
- Taxon
- Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- hydrogel application at 7.5 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 3.26 mg/ge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydrogel application at 7.5 kg/ha significantly improved plant height (194.0 cm), dry matter accumulation (257.5 g/m), branching, chlorophyll content (3.26 mg/g), and seed yield (1829 kg/ha) compared to control”
t0“Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogel improved seed yield to 1829 kg/ha versus control.
- Taxon
- Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- hydrogel application at 7.5 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 1829 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hydrogel application at 7.5 kg/ha significantly improved plant height (194.0 cm), dry matter accumulation (257.5 g/m), branching, chlorophyll content (3.26 mg/g), and seed yield (1829 kg/ha) compared to control”
t0“Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiourea foliar spray at 500 ppm gave the highest CGR, 8.3 g/m²/day.
- Taxon
- Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- foliar spray of thiourea @ 500 ppme0
- Outcome
- CGRe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 8.3 g/m²/daye0
- Comparator
- salicylic acid and NPK treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spray of thiourea @ 500 ppm consistently enhanced growth and yield attributes, recording the highest CGR (8.3 g/m²/day), RGR (74.9 mg/g/day), and seed yield (1820 kg/ha), followed by salicylic acid and NPK treatments”
t0“Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiourea foliar spray at 500 ppm gave the highest RGR, 74.9 mg/g/day.
- Taxon
- Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- foliar spray of thiourea @ 500 ppme0
- Outcome
- RGRe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 74.9 mg/g/daye0
- Comparator
- salicylic acid and NPK treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spray of thiourea @ 500 ppm consistently enhanced growth and yield attributes, recording the highest CGR (8.3 g/m²/day), RGR (74.9 mg/g/day), and seed yield (1820 kg/ha), followed by salicylic acid and NPK treatments”
t0“Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiourea foliar spray at 500 ppm gave the highest seed yield, 1820 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)Brassica junceat0
- Treatment
- foliar spray of thiourea @ 500 ppme0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 1820 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- salicylic acid and NPK treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spray of thiourea @ 500 ppm consistently enhanced growth and yield attributes, recording the highest CGR (8.3 g/m²/day), RGR (74.9 mg/g/day), and seed yield (1820 kg/ha), followed by salicylic acid and NPK treatments”
t0“Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)”
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