Abstract
The investigation was conducted during 2022-23 and 2023-24 to study the morphological characteristics of indigenous Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) in various villages of the Bemetara district, Chhattisgarh.The morphological characterization focused on tree characteristics, with a total of 40 indigenous Ber trees surveyed and evaluated across different locations within the district.The study employed a linear mixedeffect model, using data collected from four random branches per tree to ensure a representative assessment.focused on fruit characteristics recording observations on fruit maturity group, bearing habit bunching, fruit shape apex, mature fruit shape, mature fruit colour, pulp texture, stone shape apex and stone shape.The study focused on observing and characterizing the indigenous Ber fruit in their wild forms, noting significant variations in their morphological attributes.The primary objectives were to thoroughly document and analyze these indigenous Ber trees to understand their potential and diversity better.Results revealed that in tree character on fruit maturity group ( early maturity group-30 and mid maturity group-10), bearing habit bunching (bunching present-6 and bunching absent-34), fruit shape apex (flat shape-16, round shape-14 and pointed shape-10), mature fruit shape (oblong-9, oval-10, ovate-5, oblate-1, round-14 and falcate-1), mature fruit colour (yellow-11, greenish yellow-7 and chocolate brown-22), pulp texture (soft-18, medium-13 and hard-9), stone shape apex (acute-28 and obtuse-12) and stone shape (oblong-19, oval-11, spindle-6, club-3 and falcate-1).These observations highlight the diversity within the indigenous Ber fruit population, with variations in fruit maturity, fruit shape, fruit colour, stone shape apex, and stone shape.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty indigenous Ber trees were in the early fruit maturity group.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.
Ziziphus mauritianae2 - Outcome
- fruit maturity groupe1
- Value
- early maturity group-30e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“fruit maturity group ( early maturity group-30 and mid maturity group-10)”
e2“indigenous Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten indigenous Ber trees were in the mid fruit maturity group.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.Ziziphus mauritianae2
- Outcome
- fruit maturity groupe1
- Value
- mid maturity group-10e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“fruit maturity group ( early maturity group-30 and mid maturity group-10)”
e2“indigenous Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Six indigenous Ber trees had bunching present in bearing habit.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.Ziziphus mauritianae2
- Outcome
- bearing habit bunchinge1
- Value
- bunching present-6e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“bearing habit bunching (bunching present-6 and bunching absent-34)”
e2“indigenous Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirty-four indigenous Ber trees had bunching absent in bearing habit.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.Ziziphus mauritianae2
- Outcome
- bearing habit bunchinge1
- Value
- bunching absent-34e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“bearing habit bunching (bunching present-6 and bunching absent-34)”
e2“indigenous Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sixteen indigenous Ber fruits had a flat fruit shape apex.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.Ziziphus mauritianae2
- Outcome
- fruit shape apexe1
- Value
- flat shape-16e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“fruit shape apex (flat shape-16, round shape-14 and pointed shape-10)”
e2“indigenous Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fourteen indigenous Ber fruits had a round fruit shape apex.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.Ziziphus mauritianae2
- Outcome
- fruit shape apexe1
- Value
- round shape-14e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“fruit shape apex (flat shape-16, round shape-14 and pointed shape-10)”
e2“indigenous Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten indigenous Ber fruits had a pointed fruit shape apex.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.Ziziphus mauritianae2
- Outcome
- fruit shape apexe1
- Value
- pointed shape-10e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“fruit shape apex (flat shape-16, round shape-14 and pointed shape-10)”
e2“indigenous Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature fruit shapes oblong (9), oval (10) and ovate (5) were recorded in indigenous Ber trees.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.Ziziphus mauritianae2
- Outcome
- mature fruit shapee1
- Value
- oblong-9, oval-10, ovate-5e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“mature fruit shape (oblong-9, oval-10, ovate-5, oblate-1, round-14 and falcate-1)”
e2“indigenous Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature fruit shapes oblate (1), round (14) and falcate (1) were recorded in indigenous Ber trees.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.Ziziphus mauritianae2
- Outcome
- mature fruit shapee1
- Value
- oblate-1, round-14 and falcate-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“mature fruit shape (oblong-9, oval-10, ovate-5, oblate-1, round-14 and falcate-1)”
e2“indigenous Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Eleven indigenous Ber fruits had yellow mature fruit colour.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.Ziziphus mauritianae2
- Outcome
- mature fruit coloure1
- Value
- yellow-11e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“mature fruit colour (yellow-11, greenish yellow-7 and chocolate brown-22)”
e2“indigenous Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven indigenous Ber fruits had greenish yellow mature fruit colour.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.Ziziphus mauritianae2
- Outcome
- mature fruit coloure1
- Value
- greenish yellow-7e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“mature fruit colour (yellow-11, greenish yellow-7 and chocolate brown-22)”
e2“indigenous Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-two indigenous Ber fruits had chocolate brown mature fruit colour.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.Ziziphus mauritianae2
- Outcome
- mature fruit coloure1
- Value
- chocolate brown-22e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“mature fruit colour (yellow-11, greenish yellow-7 and chocolate brown-22)”
e2“indigenous Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Eighteen indigenous Ber fruits had soft pulp texture.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.Ziziphus mauritianae2
- Outcome
- pulp texturee1
- Value
- soft-18e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pulp texture (soft-18, medium-13 and hard-9)”
e2“indigenous Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirteen indigenous Ber fruits had medium pulp texture.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.Ziziphus mauritianae2
- Outcome
- pulp texturee1
- Value
- medium-13e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pulp texture (soft-18, medium-13 and hard-9)”
e2“indigenous Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nine indigenous Ber fruits had hard pulp texture.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.Ziziphus mauritianae2
- Outcome
- pulp texturee1
- Value
- hard-9e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pulp texture (soft-18, medium-13 and hard-9)”
e2“indigenous Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-eight stones of indigenous Ber fruits had an acute stone shape apex.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.Ziziphus mauritianae2
- Outcome
- stone shape apexe1
- Value
- acute-28e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“stone shape apex (acute-28 and obtuse-12)”
e2“indigenous Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Twelve stones of indigenous Ber fruits had an obtuse stone shape apex.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.Ziziphus mauritianae2
- Outcome
- stone shape apexe1
- Value
- obtuse-12e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“stone shape apex (acute-28 and obtuse-12)”
e2“indigenous Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stone shapes oblong (19), oval (11) and spindle (6) were recorded in indigenous Ber trees.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.Ziziphus mauritianae2
- Outcome
- stone shapee1
- Value
- oblong-19, oval-11, spindle-6e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“stone shape (oblong-19, oval-11, spindle-6, club-3 and falcate-1)”
e2“indigenous Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stone shapes club (3) and falcate (1) were recorded in indigenous Ber trees.
- Taxon
- Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.Ziziphus mauritianae2
- Outcome
- stone shapee1
- Value
- club-3 and falcate-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“stone shape (oblong-19, oval-11, spindle-6, club-3 and falcate-1)”
e2“indigenous Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)”